Full text of "Eckerd College Catalog 1992 - 1994"

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ECKERD
COLLEGE

ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA

19 9 2 ■ 1 9 9 4

CATALOG

On the Cover

The Trumpet Triton shell, Charonia tritonis
linne, is a fitting symbol for the waterfront
home of the Eckerd College Tritons.

CONTENTS

Introduction Page 1

Commitments of Eckerd College 2

Academic Program 5

Descriptions of Courses and Majors ... 27

Autumn Term and Winter Term .... 109

Campus and Student Life 110

Admission 115

Financial Aid 118

Expenses 127

Faculty 131

Administration 135

Board of Trustees 136

Index 138

Calendar of Events 140

Correspondence Directory 145

AN INTRODUCTION

Eckerd College is accredited by the Commis-
sion on Colleges of the Southern Association
of Colleges and Schools to award the Bachelor
of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees. A
coeducational college of the liberal arts and
sciences, it is related by covenant to the Pres-
byterian Church (U.S.A.). The campus is located
on 267 acres of tropical waterfront property in
a suburban area of St. Petersburg, Florida.

The school was founded in 1958 as Florida
Presbyterian College, and admitted its first
students in 1960. In 1972 the college's name
was changed to honor Jack M. Eckerd, a prom-
inent Florida civic leader and businessman
whose gifts and commitments to the institution
have helped to insure its continuing excellence.
More than 4,500 graduates are seeking to lead
lives of leadership and service in communities
throughout the world.

ECKERD COLLEGE
BASIC COMMITMENTS

This catalog is designed to give a comprehen-
sive picture of Eckerd College. We are proud
of what we have achieved, and welcome the
reader to join us in an exciting and continuing
educational adventure. As you read this doc-
ument, you should be aware of certain basic
commitments that have guided the college's
history and planning. These commitments
and the efforts to achieve them have enabled
Eckerd College to be distinctive among the
3,000 colleges and universities in the United
States.

THE COMMITMENT TO
INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT

The primary purpose of the educational pro-
gram is to foster the personal development of
each student. We seek to prepare students for
the basic responsibilities of life, and especially
for competent, humane leadership and ser-
vice. We are vitally concerned with the de-
velopment of whole persons, and therefore
encourage the intellectual, spiritual, cultural,
social, emotional and physical growth of each
student. While education is a lifelong process,
the Eckerd experience is designed to assist
students to go beyond the limitations imposed
by ignorance, narrowness, conformity, self-
centeredness, and irresponsibility. Our aims
are to help individuals achieve excellence in
thought and conduct; and to spark their imag-
ination about future possibilities.

THE COMMITMENT TO
CHRISTIAN VALUES

Eckerd College seeks to combine the Christian
faith and liberal education in the belief that a
Christian college is better able to contribute to
individual development than any other type of
college. To give focus to its Christian com-
mitment, the college maintains an active cov-
enant relationship with the Presbyterian
Church, (U.S.A.); however, the college com-
munity is not narrowly sectarian. It includes
among its faculty, students and staff individ-
uals of many denominations, faiths and points
of view.

As a church-related college community, we
seek to give the Christian faith a full hearing in
a setting where students are free to accept or
rej ect, but not ignore it. Confident in the belief
that all truth is of God, we seek to develop an

atmosphere of free and open inquiry into all
aspects of faith and knowledge. Our aim is to
assist students to clarify their beliefs, assess
their values, and learn to act responsibly on
the basis of their convictions.

THE COMMITMENT OF
FACULTY TO STUDENTS

The relatively small size of the Eckerd student
body allows numerous opportunities for close
personal relationships between students and
faculty. Each Eckerd student has a faculty
academic adviser, known as a "Mentor," who
seeks to facilitate the total growth of students
and helps them to get the most out of their
college years.

Because the faculty is committed to the pri-
mary importance of teaching, it has developed
a reputation for excellence in the teaching of
undergraduates. Many Eckerd College faculty
members are engaged in primary scholarship
and artistic creativity and wherever possible
seek to involve students in these enterprises.
The intention of the faculty is to provide an
educational environment characterized by high
expectation, personal attention and enthusi-
asm for learning.

THE COMMITMENT TO
GENERAL EDUCATION

While Eckerd College is committed to helping
students develop competence in a specific field
of study, it is equally committed to general
education.

The general education program is designed to
provide a foundation for lifelong learning by
helping students to develop a love for learning,
acquire an informed awareness of the major
elements of their cultural heritage, explore
various perspectives on the central concerns
of human existence, assume increased respon-
sibility for their own growth, and master the
skills that are necessary to understand and
deal with a rapidly changing and increasingly
complex world.

The general education program for entering
Freshmen is made up of the autumn term pro-
ject, composition, computation, foreign lan-
guage, and the Western Heritage sequence in
the first year; one course in each of four value -
oriented perspectives in the second and third
year; and a course in the Judaeo-Christian
perspective and an integrating issue-oriented
seminar in the Senior year.

THE COMMITMENT TO THE
INTEGRATION OF LIBERAL ARTS
AND CAREER PREPARATION

The commitment to individual development
includes a commitment to helping students pre-
pare themselves for a vocation. Through more
than thirty formal majors and pre-professional
programs, opportunities are available to develop
the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary
for successful careers. In addition, through
independent study and individually designed
areas of concentration, students are encour-
aged to supplement and adapt the formal
curriculum to their particular interests and
aspirations.

The college recognizes that significant learning
can occur in a variety of settings. Internships,
jobs, and other off-campus learning experi-
ences both in this country and abroad enable
students to integrate theory and practice, and
help them to clarify their values and career
choices. Because they are committed to a par-
ticipatory educational process, faculty engage
students in the learning of science, theatre,
management and other disciplines by doing.
The aim is to assist each student to become a
self-directed, competent, humane person cap-
able of making a significant contribution to
society.

THE COMMITMENT TO HUMAN
RELATIONSHIPS IN COMMUNITY

There is a rich diversity among Eckerd Col-
lege students which is educationally desirable.
Students come to campus from more than 40
states and 30 foreign countries. They enroll
from urban, suburban and rural areas; from
developed and developing countries; and from
a variety of cultural, ethnic and religious back-
grounds. The cosmopolitan nature of the
Eckerd campus enriches the total educational
experience as students learn from each other.

Built upon this diversity is a sense of com-
munity based upon common objectives, con-
cerns and experiences. Academic interests
provide the basis for a sense of community,
which is enhanced by worship, student activ-
ities, athletic events, concerts, lectures and
other opportunities for shared experiences.
Because most students reside on campus, they
have the enriched experiences that occur when
people are learning both how to learn and how
to live together.

THE COMMITMENT TO BE A
PACE-SETTING INSTITUTION

Eckerd College is nationally known for pio-
neering new programs designed to deal directly
with the varying needs of college students. It
has shown the will to improve education, and
the vision and courage to take steps that will
facilitate the growth of students. Many of its
programs of interdisciplinary study, indepen-
dent study, international education, values
inquiry, and student orientation and advising
have become models for other educational
institutions. Within the context of its objectives
as a church-related college of the liberal arts
and sciences, it continues to seek better ways
of meeting its commitments.

A SHARED COMMITMENT

Every student upon entering Eckerd College
is asked to sign a promise to uphold the follow-
ing statement of Shared Commitment:

The choice to join the community of scholars
of Eckerd College commits each student to
the values embodied in the mission and ob-
jectives of this church-related college of liberal
arts and sciences. Inherent in this commitment
is the responsibility:

1. To use one's abilities and opportunities to
pursue personal and academic growth and
excellence.

2. To exercise respect for human dignity in
attitudes and relationships.

3. To conduct oneself with integrity in aca-
demic work and as a citizen of the college
community.

4. To respect the rights and property of other
students and their need for an environment
conducive to scholarly work.

5. To respect the rights and property of Eckerd
College and to protect its reputation as a
college of distinction with a student body of
high quality.

6. To respect and learn from human differences
and the diversity of ideas and opinions.

7. To seek out opportunities to prepare for a
life of leadership and service.

Each student's commitment to these ideals
obligates that student to abide by college re-
gulations and to work with others to prevent
the following behaviors that threaten the free-
dom and respect that members of the Eckerd
community enjoy:

1. Academic dishonesty

2. Chronic interference with the right to study

3. Willful destruction of property

4. Theft

5. Personal violence

6. Bigotry

7. Disruptive intoxication

Thus all students share a commitment to
excellence and to the creation of a college
community in which they can take pride.

THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM
AT ECKERD COLLEGE

Since Eckerd College (then known as Florida
Presbyterian College) opened its doors, it has
earned a reputation for creating new and better
opportunities for learning. Eckerd has been
consistently rated among the foremost of
American colleges and universities.

The college looks for superior methods of
educating its students, not in order to be dif-
ferent, but to offer a more rewarding and useful
educational experience.

For example, you have probably come across
such expressions as "4-1-4," "winterim," "mini-
term," "interim," or "winter term." (All of them
mean essentially the same thing: separating
the two terms of an academic year with a one-
month period of study on a single topic.) The
winter term is an Eckerd College concept.
This innovation was created and tested first
on the Eckerd College campus; then other
colleges found it so exciting that they adopted
it.

Since the creation of the winter term in 1960,
Eckerd has discovered and implemented other
innovative ways of teaching. Perhaps the best
way of providing you with an understanding of
the Eckerd experience is to take you on a
"verbal tour" of the academic program.

THE MENTOR

Shortly after you have been accepted as an
Eckerd student, you will receive material about
selection of a Mentor. The original Mentor was
the guide and companion of Odysseus. As you
are, in a sense, embarking on your odyssey, itis
fitting that you have your own Mentor.

Throughout your career at Eckerd, you will
have continuing support and counsel from a
faculty Mentor, who is more than the conven-
tional faculty adviser. Mentors are faculty
members who have been specially trained to
help you in your academic program, career
planning, and personal growth. You choose
your own Mentor before you enter Eckerd,
from a descriptive list of Mentors and projects.
In your Freshman year you will take at least
one course from your Mentor, and together
you will work out the rest of your academic
program for the first academic year.

When you become an upperclass student, you
may choose a new Mentor — a specialist in
your area of academic concentration. The two

of you will continue to plan your academic
program, including independent and directed
studies, internships, off-campus programs,
work experience, career planning, foreign study,
and the many other options that Eckerd offers.

THE ACADEMIC CALENDAR

Eckerd College follows a modified 4-1-4 cal-
endar. The fall and spring semesters are fourteen
weeks in length, and are each followed by
examination periods. Courses during the sem-
ester are offered for the full fourteen weeks,
and ordinarily a full-time student will enroll
for four of these courses each semester.

The three-week autumn term for Freshmen
occurs prior to the beginning of the fall semester,
while the four week winter term (January) falls
between the two regular semesters. During
these shorter terms, students will enroll for no
more than one academic project at a time. This
format provides for independent investigation
of a topic in a concentrated manner.

THE AUTUMN TERM

As a Freshman, you will start your Eckerd
College experience in mid-August, when you
enroll for autumn term. In contrast to the usual
Freshman orientation of two or three days,
autumn term lasts three weeks. It is designed
for Freshmen only, and provides an intensive
foretaste of college living and academic work.

During autumn term you will take one academic
project, for credit, from your Mentor. This
project is stimulating in content, teaches basic
academic skills, and focuses on the interdis-
ciplinary nature of learning. The course will
give you a clear idea of what is expected of you
at Eckerd. Autumn term provides an excellent
opportunity for certain kinds of interest and
competency testing that will allow you to begin
your academic program in courses that are
best suited to your current stage of develop-
ment.

You will also learn a great deal about living,
working and playing in a college community.
The student Resident Adviser in your residence
hall will be on hand during autumn term to
help you make the transition into college life.
In fact, the entire staff of the college and the
autumn term faculty will participate with you

in periods of inquiry, reflection and fun. The
sense of community that develops will assist
you to take full advantage of the opportunities
and resources available on campus. By the
time the upperclass students return in Sep-
tember, you will be well established in campus
life.

For more information about autumn term see
page 109.

GENERAL EDUCATION

An important part of your studies throughout
your career at Eckerd College will be in general
education.

During your Freshman year you will take two
classwide interdisciplinary courses called
Western Heritage I and II that will explore the
cultural riches of the past. Your discussion
sections in these courses will be led by your
Mentor. In addition you will be expected to
demonstrate writing competency by assembling
a portfolio of your collegiate writing for evalu-
ation by the faculty; take one college level
computation course or demonstrate compe-
tency by examination; and take one year of a
foreign language or demonstrate competency
at the first year by evaluation of the language
faculty.

During your Sophomore and Junior years you
will choose four courses, one from a list of
options in each of four broad perspectives on
human existence:the aesthetic, cross-cultural,
environmental and social relations. The courses
will be distributed over four collegia so as to
provide involvement with significantly different
modes of inquiry.

Seniors will take a course that will focus on
contemporary issues from the Judaeo-Chris-
tian perspective, and a Senior seminar focusing
on the search for solutions to important issues
that they are likely to face during their lifetimes.

WINTER TERM

Winter term is a special four-week period in
January that emphasizes independent study.
You may enroll in projects designed by pro-
fessors, or design your own with the sponsorship
of a professor.

All winter term projects must have strong
academic merit. A typical project requires you
to select a subject, gather information, organize
it, and present it as a paper, a short story, a
painting, a performance, or a piece of equip-
ment. Freshmen may take a winter term in
addition to autumn term, and substitute a fifth
6

winter term for one of the 32 courses required
for graduation. The winter term in the Senior
year is usually spent working on a compre-
hensive examination or senior thesis or project
required for completion of a major.

Many colleges have followed Eckerd College's
example in adopting a winter term program,
making it possible to exchange students and to
increase the range of projects offered. Eckerd
College also cooperates with other 4-1-4 col-
leges in sponsoring winter term projects abroad
or in major cities and interesting locations in
the United States. Many winter term projects
include at least eight contact hours per week,
which meets the Veteran's Administration stan-
dards for full tuition benefits.

For more information about winter term see
page 109.

THE COLLEGIUM CONCEPT

During the past few years, educators have be-
come aware that the traditional division of
learning into academic "departments" is not
necessarily the best way to organize the edu-
cational process. Increasingly popular among
colleges is the interdisciplinary major, in which
the student combines courses from two or
more departments to form an individual aca-
demic program. At Eckerd, we have established
interdisciplinary "collegia," which encourage
new combinations of studies and demonstrate
the interrelatedness of knowledge.

The word "collegium" goes back to medieval
days, when it meant a fellowship of equals (i.e.;
persons communicating without artificial
obstacles to discourse) pursuing a common
objective (which in Eckerd's case is learning).
The word vividly describes what we are trying
to do: to bring you (the student) together with
a highly knowledgeable person (the professor)
in an atmosphere where you can debate freely,
challenge one another's viewpoints, learn to-
gether.

In a collegium, subjects are grouped according
to the intellectual discipline required to master
them. You learn mathematics and physics in
similar ways, for example; but you learn dance
differently, and a foreign language in still another
way.

Eckerd faculty members choose to affiliate
with a particular collegium, depending upon
their approach to their subject. You will do the
same. At the end of your Freshman year you
will focus upon a major or area of concentration
and affiliate with the collegium that best suits
your perception of that study.

Your concentration does not have to lie in a
single field, such as history or biology. You can
create your own concentration by combining
those studies that will help you achieve your
career or professional goal. For example, if you
wish to become an environmental economist,
you can combine economics and biology, thus
creating your own concentration to fit your
own goal. The collegium concept makes this
interdisciplinary approach to learning a natural
one that is easy to accomplish.

Eckerd sees the members of a collegium —
students and faculty alike — as partners in
learning. Professors bring high expectation to
the learning process; students are expected to
become independent learners and researchers,
able to take maximum advantage of their pro-
fessors' strong qualifications. Each collegium
has its own decision-making group, composed
of professors and students, which gives stu-
dents an important voice in the academic
decisions of the college.

THE FOUNDATIONS
COLLEGIUM

Eckerd College provides a special, perhaps
unique, program for all Freshmen through the
Foundations Collegium. This is the first-year
home for students, helping them to establish a
foundation for their upper-level studies. The
collegium's program includes four important
parts:

1. Autumn Term. Freshmen arrive in mid-
August to take a three-week course before the
opening of the fall semester early in September.

During this time, they also complete their testing,
orientation, and registration. Freshmen choose
from 18 projects limited to about 20 students
each. The professor for that course will be the
Mentor for those students.

2. The Mentorship. Eckerd College has ex-
panded the notion of the academic adviser to
allow more help, care, and encouragement to
its students. Each Freshman has a Mentor
from the faculty who helps to guide him or her
through the Freshman year.

3. Western Heritage. All freshmen are re-
quired to take Western Heritage I (fall) and
Western Heritage II (spring). These courses
explore central concepts and materials of
Western civilization and introduce Freshmen
to the themes of Eckerd College's general ed-
ucation program, the aesthetic, cross-cultural,
environmental, and social relations perspectives.
Western Heritage courses are interdisciplinary,
using lecture and discussion formats. The dis-
cussion sections are the same groups, with the
same instructor, as the autumn term groups.

4. Skills Development. Every student must
demonstrate proficiency, or take courses to
develop skills, in composition, computation
and foreign language. For more details see
page 16 under Degree Requirements, and under
Composition in the course listings. Foundations
also provides a Writing Center to assist stu-
dents with their writing.

At the end of the Freshman year, students
choose an upper-level collegium and a new
Mentor; any students still unsure of what to
choose can get help from the Foundations office
and/or Career Counseling.

THE UPPER DIVISION
COLLEGIA

THE COLLEGIUM OF
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE

Members of the Behavioral Science Collegium
believe that the urgent problems of today —
racism, environmental pollution, overpopula-
tion, world hunger and crime — are problems
of human behavior. Therefore, there is much
to be gained by developing methodological
and conceptual tools to understand better both
individual and collective behavior. Students
will take introductory courses in psychology or
sociology as well as a course in statistical
methods. In addition, courses are available in
the fields of economics, sociology, psychology,
management, political science, business admin-
istration, finance, accounting and marketing.

THE COLLEGIUM OF
COMPARATIVE CULTURES

The Collegium of Comparative Cultures seeks
to promote an understanding of the breadth of
human cultural achievements through lan-
guages, area studies, anthropology, inter-
national business, and related disciplines. The
Collegium serves as both a window and a
gateway to the cultures of the world: a window
for those who learn in the classroom from pro-
fessors who have lived and studied in other
cultures; a gateway for those who wish to visit
these cultures after preparatory study on cam-
pus. Language study in French, German, Italian,
Japanese, Spanish, or Russian can be integrated
into a major program, an interdisciplinary con-
centration with another discipline (such as
management, political science, or comparative
literature), or it may simply serve to round out
a student's liberal arts program. Anthropology
allows students to learn about the peoples and
cultures of the world, past and present, while
becoming well versed in the research methods,
theoretical perspectives (such as culture
change) and practice applications of anthro-
pology in today's world. Some students may
decide to plan their studies around a particular
area of the world. In such cases, the Inter-
national Education office gives assistance in
planning appropriate study-abroad experi-
ences. Comparative Cultures graduates have
chosen careers in teaching, interpreting, foreign
service, religious vocations or international
business.

THE COLLEGIUM OF
CREATIVE ARTS

Creative Arts Collegium faculty are dedicated
to promoting the development of creativity in
each person and the integration of the
physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual
dimensions of the self. Sharing a belief in the
value of experiential learning, members of the
Collegium recognize that students learn as
much through experiencing the creative pro-
cess as in the completion of a product. In
addition to the programs in art, music, theatre,
and creative writing, where students are en-
couraged to explore and express their talents
within the context of freedom with responsi-
bility, the Collegium includes the human de-
velopment and education disciplines where
learning to help others realize their full po-
tential is the primary goal. Interdisciplinary
study, independent work, and application of
knowledge in the community are fostered in
the Creative Arts Collegium.

THE COLLEGIUM OF
LETTERS

The Collegium of Letters is composed of stu-
dents and faculty who have in common an
interest in human beings, past and present —
their history, literary and artistic products,
religious commitments, political involvements,
and philosophical groupings. The study of who
we are by looking at what we are doing and the
works and institutions created by our prede-
cessors provides the relevance, vitality, and
excitement of our program. This humane in-
terest has value in and of itself. In addition, it
provides a fundamental background for a wide
variety of futures — vocational or through
professional and graduate schools — as the
experience of our graduates attests.

THE COLLEGIUM OF
NATURAL SCIENCES

The Collegium of Natural Sciences brings to-
gether biologists, chemists, environmentalists,
earth scientists, marine scientists, computer
scientists, mathematicians, physicists, and
those interested in the health professions, in-
cluding medicine, veterinary medicine, den-
tistry and medical technology.

The major emphasis of the Collegium is on the
development of the skills of observation, ex-
perimental design, problem-solving, research
and the study of the principles and concepts

that are necessary to successful scientific in-
vestigation. The programs in the natural sci-
ences are geared to provide students with
information and techniques that can be applied
to the problems of a changing society.

THE CO-CURRICULAR
PROGRAM

Both to express and to implement the breadth
of the college's educational mission, there are
three co-curricular areas in which each student
is expected to participate in significant ways
during the undergraduate years: service, ca-
reer exploration, and physical activity.
Together, these areas of expected participation
constitute the co-curricular program, which
is intended to provide strong positive induce-
ment for educational achievements that lie for
the most part outside the formal academic
curriculum, achievements that contribute di-
rectly to the college's goal of developing per-
sons whose lives will be characterized by
leadership and service. The expectations are
as follows:

Service. Each student shall have and find
opportunities on and off campus to engage in
significant service activities that help the stu-
dent to develop leadership and other inter-
personal skills, make a significant contribution
to the welfare of others and encourage a lifelong
commitment to service.

Career Exploration. Each student shall have
and find opportunities to explore in a system-
atic way the relationship of the undergraduate
experience to the world of work and the stu-
dent's occupational skill and interests, to apply
and thus enhance acquired knowledge in career
related situations, and to establish enduring
beneficial relationships with persons engaged
in occupations or professions related to the
student's interests. Such opportunities include
internships, practica, research, studio work, a
variety of other practice-oriented experiences
offered through the major or concentration or
through other programs of the college, or self-
initiated activities.

Physical Activity. Each student shall have
and find opportunities to engage in organized
or self -initiated activities that help the student
to develop an awareness of the importance of
physical well-being and to acquire skills that
contribute to good physical condition.

Each student is free to choose the kinds of
achievements and experiences that would
meet each expectation. In each category, activ-

ities which are part of an approved course, or
directed or independent study, may earn aca-
demic credit. An underlying expectation is
that each student will come to Eckerd with the
intention to develop a planned program of
participation and achievement in each of the
three co-curricular areas, and thus a total co-
curricular program that both supplements and
enlivens the classroom experience.

The Co-Curricular Record

As a reflection of the fact that the co-curricular
program is a significant dimension of the pro-
gram of the college, each student has an official
co-curricular record that is maintained in the
Office of Career Services, which has primary
responsibility for the co-curricular program.
Entries on this record must be consistent with
the categories approved by the faculty, may be
made only at the student's request and with
the approval of the Dean of Students, and are
limited to names of activities, leadership posi-
tions held, and honors received. The intent is
twofold: to enable the student to compile an
official record of response to college co-cur-
ricular expectations, and to provide the student
with credentials that may be used to supplement
the academic transcript in application for jobs,
graduate work, fellowships, and other post-
graduate opportunities. Like the academic
transcript, the co-curricular record is released
outside the college only with the student's
permission, and neither the academic tran-
script nor the co-curricular record makes ref-
erence to the other.

THE ECKERD COLLEGE LIBRARY

The library supports the educational mission
of the college by providing facilities, resources
and services designed to enhance the student's
learning experience. The primary goal of the
library staff is to help students achieve com-
petency in making use of available knowledge.
In this constantly changing and increasingly
complex world the ability to locate and use
needed information has become a crucial skill.
Instruction in the effective use of library re-
sources begins in the autumn term, and pro-
gresses through upperclass levels where stu-
dents are encouraged to make use of sophis-
ticated computerized technology by searching
in databases. During all four years the empha-
sis is on providing, through frequent inter-
action between student and librarian, the
personal attention that makes for a quality
learning experience.

Conveniently located in the center of campus,
the library provides an open and inviting en-
vironment for study and leisure reading. Quiet
carrels and carpeted lounge areas are inter-
spersed throughout the open stack book col-
lection. A typing room is available for those
who do not have their own typewriters. For
those desiring personal copies of printed or
microfilm materials, coin and card operated
copying machines are available.

Designed to meet the basic needs of under-
graduate students, the library's book collection
contains approximately 110,000 volumes. A
computer catalog allows enhanced access to
the library collection. Computer indexes give
added access to the 1,000 periodical subscrip-
tions and 20,000 bound periodical volumes.
New materials designed to meet both the cur-
ricular and recreational reading needs of stu-
dents are constantly being acquired. Each year
over 3,000 books are carefully selected by
instructors and librarians for inclusion in the
collection. To augment the college's own hold-
ings, the library participates in the On-line
Computer Library Center (OCLC) Network
which provides computerized interlibrary loan
access to several thousand libraries through-
out the United States. In addition, the library
has a reciprocal lending agreement with the
University of South Florida-Bayboro library.

SPECIAL

ACADEMIC

PROGRAMS

PRE-PROFESSIONAL
PROGRAMS

Eckerd College regards liberal education as
essential to thorough professional training and
unites a broad freedom of student choice with
graduate education in a number of fields: for
law and medical school, medical technology,
the ministry, engineering, elementary and
secondary education, management, business
administration, and selected public service,
human development and community professions.

Eckerd seeks to provide pre-professional ex-
perience through intensively supervised intern-
ships rather than by professional and pre-
professional courses that tend to limit the scope
and quality of liberal education. The teacher
education program, described immediately
following, exemplifies the application of this
principle. Students in management take certain
specialized courses, such as accounting, and
prepare themselves through internships care-
fully planned with the Mentor of the manage-
ment program. Similarly, human relations
occupations involve a thorough liberal arts
base, to which are added supervised field and
employment experiences designed to meet
the particular interest and need of the student.

TEACHER EDUCATION

The Eckerd College Teacher Education faculty
seek to develop competent and humane leaders
for the teaching profession. The Director of
Teacher Education is responsible and ac-
countable for all teacher education programs:
elementary certification, secondary cer-
tification, grades 7-12, K-12 certification in
art and music. For certification requirements
in these programs, see page 49 under "Educa-
tion" in the course listings.

The Florida legislature has mandated entrance
requirements for all teacher education pro-
grams in the State. To meet the State require-
ments and those of the Eckerd College Teacher
Education program, students must have at-
tained a minimum combined S.A.T. score of
1000, and both verbal and mathematics scores
must exceed 450. Students must have earned
a minimum grade point average of B or 2.8 on
all college level work. A college level mathe-
matics course is also required of all applicants
to the Teacher Education program.

Teacher Education program graduates seeking
regular certification in Florida are required to
pass the Florida Teacher Certification Examin-
ation and successfully complete the Florida
Beginning Teacher Program. For further in-
formation about the policies and procedures
for admission into the Teacher Education pro-
gram, contact the Director of Teacher Educa-
tion and request a copy of the Education
Student Handbook.

HUMAN RESOURCE
INSTITUTE (HRI)

Eckerd College's Human Resource Institute
includes the Human Resources Management
program which studies the activities organiza-
tions and societies use to generate behaviors
directed toward their objectives; the Human
Resources Measurement program which studies
the processes used to evaluate human resource
management; and the Human Resources Asso-
ciation which facilitates cooperative relation-
ships between the Institute and organizations
interested in advancing human resources
management and measurement research.

The Institute was initially organized at the
University of Michigan in 1969 by William
Pyle. It moved to Eckerd College in 1986 when
Dr. Pyle joined the faculty as professor of
management and Director of the Human Re-
source Institute. Since its inception, over one
hundred Fortune 500 and other major firms in
the U.S. and abroad have sought to advance
personnel and human resources management
and measurement research through their
financial support of the Institute.

The Institute works closely with Eckerd Col-
lege's academic programs including the col-
lege's concentration in Personnel and Human
Resource Management by involving students
in its industry research projects and encourag-
ing its business and industry association mem-
bers to provide students with work experience,
internships, and career opportunities.

ENGINEERING AND APPLIED
SCIENCE — DUAL DEGREE
PROGRAM

The engineering and applied science program
is designed for students who wish to combine a
broad, values-oriented knowledge base with
one of many fields of engineering or applied
science. Students may pursue a career in applied
science or one of many engineering disciplines
including electrical, civil, chemical, industrial,
aerospace, textile, nuclear, biomedical, or sys-
tems engineering. Students complete all re-
quirements for majors at both institutions.

Students apply to Eckerd College for regular
admission and spend three years at Eckerd
taking mathematics and science courses that
will qualify them to enter an engineering pro-
gram at the Junior level. In general, students
take Calculus I, II, and III; Differential Equa-
tions; Chemistry I and II; Physics I and II; and
Introduction to Computer Science, along with
the general education requirements and the
requirements of an Eckerd College major.
Some of the courses required for the Eckerd
College major may be completed at the other
institution. The detailed curriculum depends
on the student's choice of engineering college
and specific degree program. Students may
attend an engineering winter term before they
transfer to the engineering college.

Upon successful completion of the three-year
portion of the program (requirements of grade
point average vary somewhat) and recommen-
dation of Eckerd College, a student is admitted
to an engineering college, where the dual-degree
requirements may normally be completed in
two years. The student is then awarded degrees
from both Eckerd College and the engineering
school.

At present, Eckerd cooperates in dual-degree
programs in engineering and applied science
with Washington University (St. Louis), Au-
burn University, Columbia University and
Georgia Institute of Technology. Students
may also apply to engineering schools with
which we do not have formal agreements. Many
engineering schools accept transfer students.
Several such schools have supplied us with
advice and information on which courses would
best prepare students to transfer into engi-
neering at the Junior level.

Due to the sequential prerequisite require-
ments, it is vital for dual degree candidates to
obtain counseling early in their career at Eckerd
College.

ARMY ROTC

Eckerd College provides an Army Reserve
Officer's Training Program through a cross-
enrollment agreement with the University of
South Florida in Tampa. Students who com-
plete the program, which consists of four
courses in military science, a weekly leader-
ship laboratory, and one summer camp, are
commissioned in the United States Army. The
AROTC program is open to both men and
women, and scholarships are available on a
competitive basis to qualified Freshmen,
Sophomores, Juniors and Seniors.

THE WRITING CENTER

The purpose of the Writing Center is to en-
hance student learning by helping them to
become more organized in investigating and
more articulate in formulating ideas. Working
closely with the Foundations Collegium, the
staff and tutors of the Writing Center aid stu-
dents who wish to improve writing skills and
competence in research. Assistance is offered
to all Eckerd students, with special workshops
on preparation of Writing Competency port-
folios, tutoring for non-native writers, consul-
ting on Senior theses, and individual help on
all writing tasks.

Resources include 18 Macintosh workstations,
desktop publishing, CD-ROM databases, soft-
ware for collaborative writing, word processing,
data graphics, design, page layout, hypermedia;
a library of composition theory and pedagogy;
professional and peer consultants.

INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION

Eckerd College believes that a liberally edu-
cated person should be at home in other cultures,
and tries to give every student the chance to
study abroad. Consequently, Eckerd offers a
variety of overseas programs, including short
terms in the winter and summer, and full year
or semester programs for students in almost
all majors.

Winter Term Abroad

Eckerd's annual winter term offerings overseas
each January are nationally recognized. Pro-
jects vary each year, but typically programs
are available in such places as Italy, England,
Greece, Austria, Mexico, Russia, South America,
and the Caribbean.

Semester and Year Abroad

SEA SEMESTER

Varied locations and curricula provide a wide
range of opportunities. Programs are available
in Aix en Provence or Avignon, Madrid, Frei-
burg, Florence, and in London where the
Eckerd College Study Centre is staffed by
both American and British faculty. Eckerd
also has exchange arrangements with two uni-
versities in Japan - Kansai Gaidai near Osaka
and Nanzan University in Nagoya - and with
Ewha Womans University in Seoul, Korea.
Through our affiliation with the International
Student Exchange Program (ISEP) and with
the Council on International Educational
Exchange (CIEE) many exchange opportuni-
ties worldwide are available, and recently
students have spent a year or semester in
locations such as Sweden, Malta, Korea,
Mexico, the Netherlands, Australia, and
Hungary.

The Office of International Education counsels
with students in an effort to provide individuals
with study abroad programs best suited to
their particular academic needs.

OFF-CAMPUS PROGRAMS

Our academic calendar permits off-campus
study for periods of one month (January), one
semester (14 weeks), and up to a full academic
year. Upperclass students are encouraged to
take advantage of programs and facilities not
available at Eckerd through the off-campus
program. It is possible to participate in group
projects with a faculty leader or to contract
independent studies of the student's own
design. During winter term (January), group
projects such as an archaeological dig in the
southwest, government operations in Wash-
ington, D.C., or urban problems in Chicago are
possible. Independent projects for individual
students have been undertaken in industry,
the Argonne Laboratories, marine research,
and at an Indian reservation. The winter term,
through cooperation with other schools having
a similar calendar, provides for intensive pro-
jects on other campuses throughout the United
States.

The Off-Campus Programs office assists stu-
dents in making arrangements, preparing con-
tracts, and providing information and ideas
related to various choices. The subject of the
project determines the particular off -campus
location.

Eckerd College provides an opportunity for
qualified students to earn a semester of credit
in an academic, scientific and practical experi-
ence leading to a realistic understanding of the
sea, sponsored by the Sea Education Asso-
ciation, Inc. (S.E.A.).

Students spend the first half of the semester
(the six-week shore component) in Woods Hole,
Massachusetts, receiving instruction in ocean-
ography, nautical science and maritime studies.
They then go to sea for the second half of the
semester (the six-week sea component) for a
practical laboratory experience. For course
descriptions see page 98. Eckerd College tuition
and scholarship aid can often be applied toward
the cost of Sea Semester and additional aid
may be available from S.E.A. For more infor-
mation, contact the Office of International
Education and Off-Campus Programs.

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

Eckerd College has been committed to inter-
national education since its inception. While
we continue to provide opportunities for stu-
dents to enrich their education abroad (see
International Education page 12) one need go
no further than the campus itself to experience
a truly cosmopolitan environment. The Inter-
national Student Affairs office sponsors sup-
port programs and activities for students
coming from more than 40 different nations to
pursue a variety of studies here. There are two
distinct groups of international students at
Eckerd College: those who study in the ELS
Language Center and those who are degree-
seeking students.

These international students enrich the campus
environment with their diverse cultural origins
and ethnic backgrounds by providing face-to-
face opportunities for cross-cultural exchange
in classroom and other settings. The breadth
of this experience is celebrated annually during
the Festival of Cultures with exhibits, enter-
tainment and ethnic delicacies from around
the world.

CAREER SERVICES PROGRAM

A liberal education should not be considered
separate from the economic, social and polit-
ical realities of life. With increasing insistence,
employers and professional associations are
asking career-minded students to relate fun-
damental education in liberal arts fields to
long-range plans. Further, they stress the value
of a solid liberal arts background for business
or professional careers.

Woven into your academic program during
your four years at Eckerd is a program to help
you examine your career and professional goals.
The Career Services Program offers one or
more of a variety of experiences: one-to-one
and group diagnostic career counseling to
assist in making decisions which integrate aca-
demic programs, career planning and general
lifestyle; internship and field experience place-
ments which involve unpaid work experiences
of observation either with a professional person
or in a special social environment; paid work
experiences related to current academic studies
and long-range career goals; discipline intern-
ships such as teacher education, community
studies, leisure studies, or management; and
placement services to assist you in finding
part-time and summer employment while in
school, but primarily to enable you to select
either the appropriate post-graduate education
or the vocational career that fits your personal
aptitudes, desires, and objectives.

SUMMER TERM

The summer term is an eight-week term con-
sisting of two four-week sessions. Courses are
available in June (Session A), July (Session B),
and through the full eight-week summer term.
A preliminary announcement of courses and
fees is published in April. Regularly enrolled
Eckerd students and students enrolled and in
good standing at other colleges and universities
are eligible for admission. High school students
who have completed their Sophomore year
and present evidence (usually a transcript and
a recommendation from a principal or coun-
selor) of their ability to do introductory level
college work, are eligible for admission with a
scholarship which covers 50% of the regular
tuition. Students entering Eckerd in the sum-
mer with the intention of becoming degree
candidates must make formal application for
admission to the Dean of Admissions.

Summer courses may replace courses missed

during the academic year or accelerate gradu-
ation. Additional information about summer
term courses may be obtained from the Summer
School office.

PROGRAM FOR
EXPERIENCED LEARNERS

The Program for Experienced Learners (PEL)
is a degree -completion program designed
specifically for adult learners who are strongly
motivated, yet have career or personal obliga-
tions which keep them from enrolling in a more
traditional degree program. Because of the
flexible and personal nature of the program,
most students are able to continue working
full-time while pursuing the bachelor's degree.

PEL was founded on the belief that learning
is not necessarily limited to a formal class-
room setting. Credit may be awarded when
experiential learning is comparable to aca-
demic coursework,relevant to academic goals,
and well documented.

Admissions Requirements

Qualities such as personal commitment, perse-
verance and self-discipline are necessary for
success in PEL.

Basically, the guidelines for admission are:

1. Applicants must be at least 25 years of
age.

2 . Applicants must have a high school diploma
or high school equivalency diploma. College
experience is desirable; transfer credit for
"C" or better grades will be awarded when
coursework is appropriate for a liberal arts
and sciences education and is relevant to
career goals.

3. Applicants must complete an application,
including an essay, and demonstrate goals
consistent with program objectives and
the ability and motivation to benefit from
the program.

4. Following admission, students must com-
plete the required Life, Learning and
Vocation course with a "C" or better grade.

Meeting Degree Requirements

The Baclelor's degree requires successful
completion of a minimum of 36 courses. Stu-
dents may meet degree requirements through
transfer credit, experiential learning, formal
courses, directed or independent study, tu-
torials, travel/study programs and residential
program courses. PEL offers courses in St.
Petersburg, North Pinellas County and Sar-
asota.

Major and Degrees

PEL students are awarded either the Bachelor
of arts or Bachelor of Science degree, the same
degrees conferred in the residential program.
Students pursue a variety of majors or con-
centrations, including business management,
human development, organizational studies,
American studies, interdisciplinary humanities,
and others. The degree preserves the basic
features of the Eckerd College program by
emphasizing the liberal arts as part of each
student's education, but also recognizes the
importance of relating general knowledge to
special career concerns. A Certificate in Man-

agement is available to students who combine
a major in a traditional liberal arts discipline
with a series of management courses.

Financial Aid

Several types of financial aid are available to
qualified students, including the Pell Grant,
Florida Tuition Voucher, Federally Insured
Student Loans and VA benefits.

Another popular form of financial assistance is
through tuition reimbursement programs spon-
sored by private corporations and government
agencies. Many PEL students have found that
their employers are very cooperative in helping
to meet their college expenses.

For More Information

Additional information on financial aid, ad-
missions requirements, and the Program for
Experienced Learners may be obtained by
writing: Program for Experienced Learners,
Eckerd College, 4200 54th Avenue South, St.
Petersburg, FL 33711. Or call: (813) 864-
8226.

THE ACADEMY OF

SENIOR

PROFESSIONALS

The Academy of Senior Professionals at
Eckerd College (ASPEC) is an integral unit of
the college devoted to the promotion of inter-
generational learning, scholarly activity, writing,
study, and the development of individual or
group projects of importance to members, to
the college, and to the community.

ASPEC is a unique organization composed of
a group of mature men and women who have
had distinguished careers in education, religion,
business, the arts and sciences, government
service, the armed forces, medicine, dentistry,
law, architecture, social services and similar
professional endeavors. By means of publica-
tions, lectures, colloquia, convocations, and
the like, members continue to share and to
contribute to human knowledge. Through fre-
quent association with faculty members and
with students, members contribute their know-
ledge and experience, and receive in return
fresh viewpoints and ideas. Some ASPEC
members participate as resource persons in
the classroom on the invitation of faculty
members.

ASPEC is designed for those who wish, during
their retirement, to expand their intellectual
horizons, enrich their cultural experiences,
make constructive contributions to society, or
pursue their own interests in association with
congenial colleagues within the multigenera-
tional educational community of Eckerd College.

Some members live in housing units in College
Harbor, the retirement center on the college
campus. Others reside within commuting dis-
tance of the campus. Inquiries should be
addressed to: Director, Academy of Senior
Professionals, Eckerd College, 4200 54th
Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida 33711.

ACADEMIC
POLICIES

DEGREE REQUIREMENTS

In order to graduate from Eckerd College, a
student must spend at least four semesters
and two short terms, including the Senior year,
in the college or in an approved off-campus
program.

Any student who wishes to request an exemp-
tion from or a modification of an all-college
requirement may petition the Dean of Faculty
using forms available in the Office of the
Registrar. Petitions must include detailed
reasons for the request, and receive prior
approval from the student's Mentor and col-
legial chairperson.

Unless modified in individual cases by action
of the Dean of Faculty, the following require-
ments must be fulfilled by all students in order
to qualify for formal recommendation by the
faculty for the Bachelor of Arts degree:

1. The satisfactory completion of a minimum
of 32 courses, plus an autumn term in the
Freshman year and a winter term project
in each subsequent year.

a. A Freshman may take a winter term in
addition to autumn term, and substitute
that winter term for one of the 32
courses.

b.The winter term project in the Senior
year normally consists of the preparation
for comprehensive examinations, theses
or projects.

2. Writing Competency: students must submit
a portfolio of their own compositions to be
evaluated. Specifications for the contents
of the portfolios are available from the
Director of Writing Excellence.

Usually, the pieces in the portfolio are
essays, reports, examinations, or creative
work written in courses, and all students
must submit their portfolio for evaluation
before the second semester of the Junior
year.

Students may not register for senior pro-
jects, theses, or comprehensive examina-
tions without having received writing
competency for their portfolio.

Composition courses and the Writing Center
provide instruction in preparing writing
competency portfolios; students whose
portfolios are judged inadequate must take
a composition course before resubmitting
their portfolio.

Since portfolio evaluation is conducted
only twice each year, students are strongly
urged to consult with their Mentors and
the Writing Center staff well before the
April and October deadlines, and to sub-
mit their portfolios before completing
eighteen course credits.

3. Computation (normally in the Freshman
year): one college level mathematics, com-
puter science, formal logic or statistics
course, or one course that uses the com-
puter as a major learning tool, designated
by an M following the course number.
Competency may also be satisfied by passing
an appropriate proficiency examination
administered by the college.

4. Foreign language (normally in the Freshman
year): one year of foreign language at the
college level, or the equivalent as demon-
strated by a college administered profi-
ciency examination or the equivalent as
determined by the language faculty.

5. Western Heritage I and II, WHF 181
and 182. Students for whom English is a
second language and who have not resided
in the mainland U.S. for more than two
years may substitute WHF 183C U.S.
Area Studies for Western Heritage I,
which shall also fulfill the requirement for
a course within the Cross-Cultural Per-
spective. There is a special section of
Western Heritage II for international stu-
dents.

6. Four courses (normally in the Sophomore
and Junior years), one each from a list of
options in the following four areas: the
Aesthetic Perspective, the Cross-Cul-
tural Perspective, the Environmental
Perspective, the Social Relations Per-
spective, distributed over four different
upper division Collegia. A term of study
abroad also fulfills the Cross-Cultural Per-
spective. Courses fulfilling these require-
ments are indicated by the appropriate
letter following the number. See the course
descriptions for a listing of these courses.

7. One course in the Senior year in the Judaeo-
Christian Perspective.

8. One Senior seminar within the collegium of
the student's major focussing on the search
for solutions to important issues that stu-
dents are likely to confront during their
lifetimes.

9. The completion of a major (from the list of
35 majors formally approved by the faculty),
or an independently designed area of con-
centration. The area of concentration must
be approved by three members of the fa-
culty, with an approved study plan filed in
the Registrar's office no later than fall
semester of the Junior year.

10. The satisfactory completion in the Senior
year of a comprehensive examination,
thesis, or creative project in the major or
area of concentration with a grade of C or
better. (This culminating evaluation may
include a test or other means for assessing
the effectiveness of the college's academic
programs).

The following requirements must be fulfilled
by students in order to qualify for formal recom-
mendation by the faculty for the Bachelor of
Science degree:

1. The satisfactory completion of the course
and all-college requirements as outlined in
sections 1-10 above.

2. Completion of a major or area of concen-
tration in one of the natural sciences or
mathematics, including the satisfactory
completion of at least sixteen courses in
the Natural Sciences Collegium, as specified
by each discipline, including not more than
one of the four required perspective courses.

Students majoring in the natural sciences or
mathematics may earn the Bachelor of Arts

degree by completing at least twelve but fewer
than sixteen courses in the Natural Sciences
Collegium, as specified by each discipline, in-
cluding not more than one of the four perspective
courses.

For either the B.S. or the B.A. degree, students
majoring in the natural sciences or mathemat-
ics may substitute specified courses outside
the Collegium to satisfy the minimum require-
ment for courses within the Collegium. Inter-
ested students should consult their Mentors
for information on gaining approval for such
substitutions.

See each discipline's description in the course
section of this catalog for specific requirements.

Students transferring to Eckerd College
as Sophomores are considered exempt from
Western Heritage, the computation and foreign
language requirements. Students transfer-
ring as Juniors are also considered exempt
from any two of the four Sophomore/Junior
perspectives.

FORD APPRENTICE
SCHOLARS PROGRAM

The Ford Apprentice Scholar Program at
Eckerd College, initiated by a grant from the
Ford Foundation, provides opportunity for 20
selected Juniors each year to participate in a
two year enhanced program designed to de-
velop the skills and habits of professional
scholars, and to encourage them to consider
college and university teaching as a career.

The students selected take a course in the
Junior year in the history of ideas, and do
optional research with their Faculty Sponsor
during the summer. In the Senior year they
work closely with the Faculty Sponsor in an
enhanced major, and take a Senior Colloquim.
Funds are available for summer and research
support.

Eckerd College President Peter Armacost (left)
joins Rosemary and John Galbraith in ground-
breaking ceremonies for the new Galbraith Marine
Science Laboratory. When completed, it will be
the most modern, comprehensive marine science
laboratory for undergraduate study in the country.

THE HONORS PROGRAM

The Honors program at Eckerd College pro-
vides enhanced opportunities for independent
study and research to students of outstanding
ability. Selected students are brought together
for close interaction and advanced work, such
studies receiving permanent recognition on
the students' transcripts.

A special brochure is available from the Dean
of Admissions concerning the four years of the
Honors program but a brief description follows.
First-year Honors students meet for special
sessions of the college's two Freshman core
courses, Western Heritage I and II, for which
an extra course credit is awarded. The second
and third years of the Honors program center
around Honors courses in four areas or per-
spectives, these being the Aesthetic, the Cross-
Cultural, the Environmental, and the Social
Relations Perspectives. Seniors in the Honors
program participate in a colloquium in which
they present their Senior thesis research, cre-
ative projects, or their work for comprehensive
examinations.

Students who wish to be considered for the
Honors program in the Freshman year must
file an acceptable application for admission to
Eckerd College by February 15. In addition,
interested students must file an application
for the Presidential Scholarship competition
by March 1. The students selected as Presi-
dential Scholars will be the group invited to
the Freshman Honors program. Presidential
Scholars are chosen by a committee of faculty
and students on the basis of high school
academic records, personal essays, teacher
recommendations, standardized test scores,
and evidence of leadership and service to
others. Interested students are encouraged to
write the Dean of Admissions for additional
information.

New transfer students and students already
enrolled in the college, including students who
may have applied unsuccessfully to the Honors
program earlier, are also eligible for admission
as vacancies in the program occur at the upper
levels. Students who are interested in making
application to the Honors program after they
are enrolled in the college should contact the
Director of the Honors Program.

NATIONAL HONORARY SOCIETIES

The following National Honor Societies have
chapters at Eckerd College:

Delta Phi Alpha - German

Requirements: two years of college German, a
3.0 average in German courses and 2.5 overall;
new members must be elected unanimously.
The Society meets monthly, sponsors German
related events, off-campus speakers and a
weekly kaffee klatch for all German students.

Omicron Delta Epsilon - Economics
Lamba Chapter in Florida

Requirements: Junior or Senior standing, class
rank in upper one-third with a 3.0 in economics
courses and at least four economics courses.
The Society recognizes the accomplishments
of economics students.

Omicron Delta Kappa - Leadership

Requirements: Junior or Senior standing with
high grade point average, selected on the basis
of exemplary character, responsible leadership
and service in campus life. The purpose is to
encourage good campus citizenship by recog-
nizing significant achievement in the various
aspects of college life.

Pi Mu Epsilon - Mathematics
Gamma Chapter in Florida

Requirements: at least two years of mathe-
matics including Calculus I and II with at least
a B average. The purpose is to promote schol-
arly activity in mathematics among students in
academic institutions.

Sigma Delta Pi - Spanish

Requirements: three years, or the equivalent,
of college Spanish with a 3.0 or better in all
Spanish courses, and rank in upper 35 percent
of class with a minimum of 2.75. The purpose
is to promote scholarly activity in Spanish
among students in academic institutions.

Sigma Xi - Scientific Research

Requirements: demonstrated aptitude for
scientific research and intention to pursue a
career in science, nomination by a Sigma Xi
member based on such criteria as academic
excellence, scientific research usually culmin-
ating in a paper, presentation at a scientific
meeting, or a senior theses. The pupose is to
advance scientific research, encourage inter-
disciplinary cooperation, and assist the wider
understanding of science.

MAJORS AND AREAS OF CONCENTRATION

At Eckerd College efforts are made to tailor
programs of study to the particular needs and
interests of individual students. To help guide
students with the selection of courses, the
faculty has approved a number of disciplinary
and interdisciplinary majors.

Brief descriptions of majors are included under
each discipline heading in the course descrip-
tion section of this catalog. Students desiring
more specific information about major pro-
grams should consult their Mentors, collegial
chairpersons and discipline coordinators. A
list of the faculty-approved majors follows.

American Studies

Anthropology

Biology

Chemistry

Comparative Educational

Studies
Comparative Literature
Computer Science
Creative Writing
Economics

Elementary Education

French

German

History

Human Development

Humanities

International

Business
International

Studies

Literature

Management

Marine Science

Mathematics

Modern Languages

Music

Philosophy

Philosophy /Religion

Physics

Political Science

Psychology
Religious Studies
Russian Studies
Sociology
Spanish
Theatre
Visual Arts
Women's and
Gender Studies

Students desiring to design their own programs
of study are encouraged to develop an individ-
ualized area of concentration in cooperation
with their Mentors. The proposed plan of study
must ultimately be approved and have iden-
tified with it a specific committee of at least

three faculty members. The approved study
plan must be filed in the Registrar's office
early in the Junior year. A major or concentra-
tion must require at least eight but no more
than 12 courses in one discipline, and no more
than 16 courses altogether.

ACADEMIC CREDIT

Credit toward a degree is awarded for satis-
factory course completion, independent study
projects, directed study programs, academic
work certified by another accredited degree-
granting institution, and proficiency demon-
strated by examination.

Ordinarily credit is earned by course com-
pletion. A normal full-time academic load is
eight courses plus an autumn term in the
Freshman year and eight courses plus a winter
term project in each subsequent year.

Credit may be earned through independent
study by students who exhibit both the self-
discipline and mastery of the methodologies
demanded by the subject matter selected by
the student. An independent study project is
designed by a student in consultation with the
professor who is to supervise and evaluate the
work. An academic contract, drawn in advance,
specifies the subject and method of inquiry,
the texts, the purpose of the project, and the
basis of evaluation and credit. Each contract
must be approved by the Director of Inde-
pendent Study. Independent study options
are available for both on and off-campus
opportunities. Freshmen are not permitted to
take off-campus independent studies. Inde-
pendent study forms are available from the
Registrar.

Provision is also made for credit by directed
study. Both independent study and directed
study require advance planning by the instruc-
tor and student. While initiative rests with the
student for design of independent study, in
directed study the instructor is responsible for
supplying a syllabus which defines the program.
Directed study syllabi are available from the
Registrar.

Credit is granted by transfer from accredited
degree -granting institutions, up to a limit of 16
courses, plus one autumn and one winter term.
A student entering Eckerd College should
request that a transcript of work done in other
institutions be sent to the Registrar. When the
transcript has been evaluated, the applicant is
notified of the credit accepted by transfer.
Eckerd College students who wish to enroll for
part of their programs at other institutions
should have the approval in advance of their
Mentors, appropriate discipline faculty, and
the Registrar. For more information on transfer
credit, please see page 116.

Credit for demonstrated proficiency is

awarded when a student applies for it with the
Registrar and successfully completes appro-
priate examinations. College Level Exam-
ination Programs are recognized for both
advanced placement and academic credit. For
more information on CLEP, see page 117.

The college recognizes that many experiences
outside the classroom may contribute to a stu-
dent's program. Internships, participation in
community projects, and field experience may
be accorded credit if closely coordinated with
the student's academic program. Such exper-
ience ordinarily constitutes a part of a regular
course or independent study project.

(P PS

THE GRADING SYSTEM

The standard grading system of the college is
A (Superior Work), B (Good Work), C (Satis-
factory Work), D (Poor Work), and F (Unac-
ceptable Work). All courses in which a grade of
C or higher has been earned shall count toward
fulfilling degree requirements. A course in which
a D grade is earned may fulfill degree require-
ments only when a grade of B or higher is
earned in another full course.

A grade of I (Incomplete) indicates that all
course requirements are not complete by the
end of the term and that, in the j udgment of the
instructor, extension of deadline is appropriate.
Unless an earlier deadline is set by the in-
structor, a student will have thirty days into
the next regular semester to complete the
required work. If the work is not completed by
that time, or the shorter deadline imposed by
the instructor, the Incomplete will auto-
matically become an F.

In case of formal voluntary withdrawal before
the end of the eighth week of a semester, a
grade of W is recorded. If withdrawal occurs
after that point, a grade of F is recorded. A W
that results from a,n involuntary withdrawal
must be validated with the Registrar at the
time of withdrawal or as soon thereafter as
possible.

A Credit/No Credit grading option is avail-
able in each course/project for students who
are at least second semester Freshmen. Stu-
dents desiring this grading option must petition
for the approval of the course instructor, the
Mentor, and the Dean of Faculty. Petitions
must be submitted prior to the beginning of a
semester or term. Grades of Credit and No
Credit cannot be subsequently changed to
letter grades.

All grades are reported to students and entered
on the official record of the college. Grades of
F will not be removed from the transcript. A
notation will be recorded on the transcript of
any substitute grade earned. Students may
not repeat a course for credit unless they receive
a D, need to repeat the course in order to
progress in sequence, and have the approval of
the instructor and academic dean.

CLASS ATTENDANCE

Students are expected to attend all classes in
courses for which they are registered. There is
no college-wide attendance requirement, but
individual instructors may impose attendance
requirements in particular courses.

STANDARDS OF
SATISFACTORY
ACADEMIC
PROGRESS

NORMAL PROGRESS

Normal progress toward graduation is the
completion of four courses each semester and
a short term each year with grades of C or
better.

ACADEMIC REVIEW
COMMITTEE

At the close of each semester the Academic
Review Committee reviews the progress of
every student who fails a course, receives a
voluntary withdrawal (referred to hereafter
by W), has more D than grades of B or better, is
on academic probation, or is otherwise identi-
fied as not making satisfactory academic pro-
gress. Mentors, instructors and student per-
sonnel staff may be consulted. The Committee
may place on probation or dismiss any student
who in its judgment is not making satisfactory
academic progress. In making such judgments
the Committee is guided by the following
standards and notifies the Financial Aid office
of each financial aid recipient affected.

PROBATION

A student who accumulates two or three F
grades, or a combinaton of F and W grades
that results in falling behind normal progress
by two to five courses, or one more D than B or
better grades, is placed on academic probation.

Students placed on academic probation are
notified of this action by the Academic Review
Committee and advised of how to remove the
probationary status.

Students may enroll in up to four courses per
semester during the probation period.

Students admitted on probation may have
no more than two F or W grades in their first
semester and must have at least one C or better
in order to enroll for a second semester.

SUBJECT TO DISMISSAL

A student who accumulates four F grades, or a
combination of F and W grades that results in
falling behind normal progress by six courses,
or four more D than B or better grades, in

addition to being placed on probation, will be

notified

that he or she is subject to dismissal for any

additional F, D or W.

Students may enroll in up to four courses per
semester while subject to dismissal.

SUSPENSION FROM

EXTRACURRICULAR

ACTIVITIES

A student placed on probation or subject to
dismissal as a result of F and W grades for a
second consecutive semster, or as a result of D
grades for a fourth consecutive semester, is
suspended from participation in college spon-
sored extracurricular activities, and the direc-
tors of the activities notified, so that the student
may devote full time to study.

REMOVAL FROM PROBATION

Probationary status remains in effect until
the student completes four courses in Eckerd
College in one semester with C or better grades
and the overall number of B or better grades at
least equals the number of D grades.

DISMISSAL

A student who accumulates five or more F
grades, or a combination of F and W grades
that results in falling behind normal progress
by seven courses or more, or five or more D
than B or better grades, is dismissed for at
least one semester.

Students dismissed for academic reasons are
notified in advance of the next regular semester
by the Academic Review Committee. This
notice also advises the student whether and, if
so, when and how to be considered for read-
mission.

To apply for readmission after dismissal, a
student should write to the Dean of Students,
who shall obtain the approval of the Dean of
Faculty as chair of the Academic Review
Committee before authorizing readmission.

SECOND DISMISSAL

A student who is readmitted after having been
dismissed for a limited period of time for aca-
demic reasons shall be admitted on probation,
but is dismissed again if he or she accumulates
an additional two F grades, or a combination of
F and W grades that results in falling behind
normal progress by more than two courses, or
three more D than B or better grades.

SUMMARY OF ACADEMIC REVIEW COMMITTEE CATEGORIES

Probation: any one of the following
2 or 3 F grades
F and/or W grades that result in falling

behind by 2 to 5 courses
1 to 3 more D than B or better grades

Subject to Dismissal: any one of the following
4 F grades
F and/or W grades that result in falling

behind by 6 courses
4 more D than B or better grades

Dismissal:

5 F grades

F and/or W grades that result in falling

behind by 7 courses
5 more D than B or better grades

Second Dismissal: any one of the following
Additional: 2 F grades

F and/or W grades that result in
falling behind by 3 courses
3 or more D than B or better
grades

WITHDRAWALS

Withdrawal from the college at any time is
official only upon the completion of the with-
drawal form available in the Registrar's office.
Requests for readmission following withdrawal
should be sent to the Dean of Students. Stu-
dents may withdraw to enroll in another college
for courses not available here but important to
the student's total program. Such courses may
be transferred upon the student's return, but
must be approved in advance by the Mentor,
discipline faculty and Registrar. Students re-
questing a withdrawal should consult with the
Registrar.

THE DEAN'S LIST

The Dean's List is published following the fall
semester and the spring semester and includes
students who completed four courses with a
grade point average of 3.75. Students with
incomplete grades at the time of publication
are not eligible.

HONORS AT GRADUATION

Eckerd College awards diplomas with honors
to a few students in each graduating class. The
criteria and designation for graduation with
Honors are: High Honors - 3.8 grade point
average or above; Honors - 3.6 to 3.7 grade
point average for courses taken at Eckerd
College. To be eligible for Honors a student
must have completed at least 18 Eckerd Col-
lege courses. Students graduating with fewer
than 18 Eckerd College course credits with a
grade point average of 3.66 or above, will
graduate with the designation of Distinction.

REGISTRATION

Registration dates are listed in the calendar
at the back of this catalog. Upon completion of
procedures as outlined in registration materials,
the student's registration is approved by the
business office and the Registrar. Students
who preregister late will be charged a $30 fee.
Proof of payment must accompany the regis-
tration.

All courses for which the student wishes to
register for credit must be listed on the official
registration form. The student is responsible
for every course listed and can receive no
credit for courses not listed on this form.
After registration day, official changes in
registration may be made only through
official drop/add cards approved by the
instructors whose courses are involved.
Unless a course is officially dropped, a
grade of F will be incurred if the student
fails to meet the obligations of the course.
No course may be added after the drop/add
deadlines which are printed in the calendar in
the back of this catalog.

AUDITORS

Any regularly registered full-time student may
audita course without fee, subject to permission
of the instructor. Part-time students or students
not registered for credit may attend courses as
auditors subject to formal permission of the
instructor and payment of an auditor's fee of
$360. Entry is made on the student's permanent
record concerning audited classes. A course
taken for audit may be changed to credit with
the instructor's permission, if the change is
filed with the Registrar by the end of the eighth
week of a semester.

STUDENT RECORD POLICY

Eckerd College accords all of its students their
full rights under the Family Educational Rights
and Privacy Act of 1974, as amended. This Act
provides that the institution will maintain the
confidentiality of student education records.
It establishes the right of students to inspect
and review their education records, and pro-
vides guidelines for the correction of inaccurate
or misleading data through formal and infor-
mal hearings.

No one outside Eckerd College shall have
access to nor will the college disclose any in-
formation from students' education records
without the written consent of students except
to personnel within the institutions in which
students seek to enroll, to persons or organiza-
tions providing students financial aid, to ac-
crediting agencies carrying out their accredita-
tion function, to persons in compliance with a
judicial order, and to persons in an emergency
in order to protect the health and safety of
students or other persons.

Within the Eckerd College community, only
those members individually or collectively,
acting in the students' educational interests
with a demonstrated need to know are allowed

access to student education records. Informa-
tion may be released to parents of students
since Eckerd College considers all students as
"dependent" unless they specifically inform
the college within a reasonable period of time
that they consider themselves to be "indepen-
dent" and so prove that status with a certified
copy of the parents most recent Federal Income
Tax form.

Eckerd College may, at its discretion, provide
Directory Information to anyone requesting it
in accordance with the provisions of the Act,
to include: student name, address, telephone
number, date and place of birth, major field of
study, dates of attendance, degrees and awards
received, the most recent previous educational
agency or institution attended by the student,
participation in officially recognized activities
and sports, and weight and height of members
of athletic teams. Students may request that
Directory Information be withheld by notifying
the Registrar in writing by the end of add/drop
period of the fall semester. Request for non-
disclosure will be honored by the institution
for one academic year only; therefore, authori-
zation to withhold Directory Information must
be filed annually in the Office of the Registrar.

DESCRIPTIONS OF COURSES AND MAJORS

(Alphabetically by Discipline)
Meaning of Letters and Numbers

1 . The first two letters indicate the discipline
offering the course.

2. The third letter indicates the collegium. A-
Creative Arts; L-Letters; C-Comparative
Cultures; B-Behavioral Science; N-Natural
Sciences; F-Foundations; I-International
(offered abroad).

3. Interdisciplinary courses are indicated by
the collegial designations: CRA-Creative
Arts, BEB-Behavioral Science, CUC-Com-
parative Cultures, LTL-Letters, NAN-
Natural Sciences, FDF-Foundations, INI-
a course offered abroad, and JCP indicates
Judaeo-Christian Perspective.

4. The first digit of the three numbers indi-
cates the level of the course: 1 and 2 indi-

cate a course at the Freshman or Sophomore
level; 3 and 4 indicate a course at the Junior or
Senior level.

5. The second and third digits are used at the
discretion of the collegium.

331-332 indicates Special Topics
410 indicates a Senior Seminar

498 indicates Comprehensive Examination

499 indicates Senior Thesis or Project

6. Perspective courses are indicated by a
letter after the third digit: A-Aesthetic, C-
Cross-Cultural, E-Environmental, S-Social
Relations, P-fulfills any of the four perspec-
tive requirements. Courses which meet the
computation requirement are indicated by
M after the digits.

The required four different perspective courses must be taken in four different
collegia.

Opportunities for independent study are available in all collegia. Independent study contracts
are negotiated between the student and the faculty sponsor. Independent study contract
forms are available in the Registrar's office.

Directed studies are listed in this catalog. Copies of directed study syllabi are available in the
Registrar's office. Some directed studies are available through the Program for Experienced
Learners only. Please consult the PEL Director for a list of these.

An academic minor is an option available to all students. The academic minor consists of five
courses from a single discipline, to be determined by the discipline. A minor may be earned
only in those courses in which a major exists.

COURSES LISTED IN THIS CATALOG
ARE NOT NECESSARILY OFFERED EACH YEAR.

AESTHETIC PERSPECTIVE
COURSES

Courses in this perspective are designed to
provide an introduction to a major area of
artistic endeavor. Whether in creative expres-
sion or aesthetic appreciation, all focus on
providing students with the ability to make
informed value judgments in the artistic area
under consideration.

AHL 101 A Introduction to Art History
to 1400

AHL 102A Introduction to Art History:
1400 to Present

AHL 248A History and Appreciation of
Modern Painting

AHL 341 A Medieval-Renaissance Art and
Architecture

For descriptions see Art History.

ARA 329A The Art Experience

For description see Art.

ARI 321A British Painting 1760 -1960

For description see International Education,
London Offerings.

Aesthetic Perspective Courses

CRA 141 A Introduction to the Arts

History of music, literature, the visual arts,
architecture, dance, and film correlated with
the history of Western civilization for a deeper
understanding and appreciation of the arts of
the Western world.

CRA 201A Triartic Aesthetics or
Understanding the Arts

Immersion in the performing and visual arts of
the Tampa Bay area, and an exploration of the
creative process from the perspective of artist,
performer, and audience. Field trips.

CRA 202A Literature and Vocation

Moral, ethical and religious questions in working
life, as seen in the novel. Discussion of the
books with practitioners of the professions.

CRA 225A Music and Architecture

Fundamentals of art criticism applied to var-
ious "multimedia" phenomena; aesthetic theo-
ries extracted. Freshman discouraged from
enrolling.

CRA 384A 20th Century American
Women in the Arts

Values and traditions affecting American
women artists from 1935 to the present.
Works by women in dance, visual arts, prose,
poetry, film, photography, etc. Offered alter-
nate years.

EDA 329A Master Teachers

EDA 336A Frames of Mind: the Study of
Multiple Intelligences

EDA 338A The Power of Stories

For descriptions see Education.

FRC 301 A Introduction to Literary Analysis

For description see Modern Languages,
French.

HIC 244A Cultural History of Russia

•For description see History.

LIL 2 10 A Human Experience in Literature

LIA/L 226A Literary Genres: Short Novel

LIA 228A The American Short Story:
Fiction into Film

LIA 241 A Major American Novels

LIA 242A Introduction to Native
American Literature

LIA 281 A The Rise of the Novel: Western
Narrative I

LIA 282A The Modern Novel: Western
Narrative II

LIL 305A Women as Metaphor

LIL 325A Men and Women in Literature

LIL/REL 342A The Art of Biblical
Literature

LIL 349A Fiction from Around the World

LIL 352A African-American Literary
Survey

LI/THA 362A Film and Literature

LIA 380A Images of the Goddess

LIA 381 A Contemporary American Fiction

LIA 382A Contemporary American Poetry

For descriptions see Literature.

LTR 300A The Ancient Greek World
Through Literature

Greek attitudes and aesthetics revealed through
poetry, drama, prose, art and archaeology using
readings, slides and artifacts.

LTR 301 A A Nation of Poets and Thinkers:
Art and Philosophy in Modern German
Culture

Art and philosophy in German culture from
the classical period of Hegel and Goethe to the
present. Interrelationship between art and
thinking. Prerequisite: at least one course in
history, literature or philosophy, or permission
of instructor.

MUA 221 A Introduction to Music Liter-
ature

MUA 326A American Music and Values

For descriptions see Music.

PLL 261 A Philosophy and Film
PLL 263A Aesthetics

For descriptions see Philosophy.

REL/LIL 342A The Art of Biblical
Literature

For description see Religious Studies.

SPC 301A Survey of Spanish Literature

SPC 302A Survey of Spanish American
Literature

American Studies

For descriptions see Modern Languages,
Spanish.

THA 102A The Living Theatre
THA 261 A Video Practicum

THA 322A Communication Arts and

Persuasion

TH/LIA 362A Film and Literature

THA 382A Theatre Beyond Literature

For descriptions see Theatre.

THI 365A Theatre in London

For description see International Education,
London Offerings.

WWA 302A Rhetoric of Film

For description see Creative Writing.

See also KNIGHT READING SEMINARS.
AMERICAN STUDIES

A broad, interdisciplinary major in American
civilization built around the core disciplines of
history, political science and literature. The
program may also include courses in such fields
as philosophy, religion, art, economics and
sociology. The student's program, developed
in consultation with the Mentor and supervised
by a three-member faculty committee, should
form a consistent pattern of courses in Amer-
ican culture and institutions. The program
includes a minimum of ten courses, with at
least five from one discipline. Six of the ten
courses must be beyond the introductory level.
One of the seminars listed below, which also
meet the Social Perspective course require-
ment, should be included in the major.

Students who complete the American studies
major demonstrate the following competencies:

— knowledge of American history, institutions,
and culture, within an interdisciplinary per-
spective, demonstrated by the ability to
talk and write intelligently about these fields.

— ability to define and evaluate the myths and
values of American culture.

— knowledge of the development of the field
of American studies as an academic dis-
cipline.

— understanding of some of the characteristic
methodologies of the field of American
studies.

— understanding of a sub-field in American
studies (e.g., American history, American
literature, American government, minorities
studies) and how it relates to the larger field
of American studies. An understanding of
how the study of the sub-field is enriched by
the interdisciplinary approach of American
studies.

— ability to relate together the various courses
and approaches that have been taken as a
part of the major program, and to defend
the interdisciplinary approach to the study
of America.

— familiarity with some of the classic works in
American studies that relate the fields of
American literature and history and the
ability to evaluate the author's methodology.

— demonstrated ability to undertake a re-
search project that will explore important
issues and problems in methodology and
interpretation of American studies.

AML 306S American Myths, American
Values

Myths in American history, literature and
religion which shape Americans' understanding
of their identity and history.

AML 307S Rebels with a Cause: Radicals,
Reactionaries and Reformers

Reform and radical ideology of the 19th and
20th centuries. Populism, progressivism;
nationalist, civil rights, peace, feminist, en-
vironmental movements.

AML 308S Becoming Visible: Sex, Gender
and American Culture

Changing perspectives on what it means to be
male or female in the U.S. Historical origins
and sources of values concerning masculinity
and femininity.

ANTHROPOLOGY

Anthropology is the holistic study of human-
kind, embracing cultural diversity, human
origins, linguistics, and the application of
knowledge to current social problems. Require-
ments for the major include successful com-
pletion of six core courses: Introduction to
Anthropology, Research Methodology, Anthro-
pological Theory, Physical Anthropology,
Statistical Methods, Linguistics or Field
Archaeology, plus completion of five other
courses in anthropology, two of which must be

Anthropology

applied courses, and an oral comprehensive
examination, with a C or better in all courses.
In addition, anthropology majors must par-
ticipate in at least one overseas study experi-
ence during their time at Eckerd College, ideally
in a non-Western culture. Exceptions can be
made only after consultation with the anthro-
pology faculty.

Sequencing: Introduction to Anthropology
in the freshman year or as the foundation
course on which the succeeding courses are
built, and all other anthropology courses, with
the exception of Introduction to Anthropologi-
cal Research Methodology and Anthropologi-
cal Theory, which are taken in the Junior or
Senior year.

Those completing the anthropology major
demonstrate the ability to:

— define and discuss the differences between
the biological and the cultural aspects of
humankind, and the interdependence of
these two areas.

— conduct literature research and engage in
scholarly writing that is logically cohesive
and properly documented.

— explain the concept of cultural relativity
and discuss the implications for intercul-
tural relations.

— distinguish arguments or positions based
on sound data and logically reasoned, from
those which lack sound supporting data and/
or rest on questionable assumptions.

— knowledge and experience in the funda-
mentals of empirical research, including
anthropological methods and techniques of
gathering data, data analysis, and the writing
of a research report.

— familiarity with a variety of topical, regional
and applied fields of inquiry.

— preparedness for graduate programs in the
field of anthropology and in related multi-
cultural and international fields.

Requirements for the minor are Introduction to
Anthropology, and any additional four courses
in anthropology.

ANC 201 Introduction to Anthropology

Explore such areas as language, ecology,
economy and exchange, domestic organization
and kinship, political organization, stratifica-
tion in societies, religion, sex roles, as applied
to anthropology.

ANC 202 Introduction to Field
Archaeology

Participation in a field experience. Prerequi-
site: ANC 201 or permission of instructor.

ANC 203C Cultures of the Middle East

Islamic cultures and changes that have taken
place through contact with the West. Environ-
ment, religion, social organizations, rural and
urban factors, status of women, development
of nationalism.

ANC 205 Introduction to Primate Studies

Evolution of diversity, socioecology, behavior,
social relationships, communication, intelli-
gence of primates; conservation and biomedical
research. Observation techniques through field
project. Prerequisites: ANC 201; biology ma-
jors with permission of instructor.

ANC 207C Chinese Communist Society

Family, child-raising, position of women; nurs-
eries, schools, clinics; Revolutionary Commit-
tees. China's politics since the death of Mao.

ANC 208 Human Sexuality

Overview of human sexuality, including cross-
cultural and evolutionary perspectives. Range
of sexual behavior and attitudes exhibited by
humans, to help put one's own sexuality in
perspective.

ANC/LIA 230 Linguistics

The scientific study of language and its con-
text: the elements of language and its uses in
personal thought, social interaction, cultural
values and institutions.

ANC 240 Physical Anthropology

Concepts, theories, methodologies used in the
study of homo sapiens: evolutionary theory,
primate behavior, fossil evidence, human
adaptation, sociobiology and aggression.

ANC/IBC/MNB 260 The Cultural
Environment of International Business

Challenge of conducting business operations
successfully in a cultural environment distinct
form one's own.

Anthropology

ANC/IBC/MNB 261 International
Management

Management practices in Taiwan, Japan, North
America, Europe, China, Africa, Latin America.
Based on Harvard Case Studies involving
American corporations in foreign cultures.
Solve cross-cultural management problems.

ANC 286C Cultures of Sub-Saharan Africa

Africa's geography, topography and cultural
patterns: politics, economics, language, adap-
tation. Comparisons of cultural heritages for
selected societies.

ANC 305S Culture and Personality

Major theoretical and conceptual tools utilized
by anthropologists in the study of personality
in culture; data-gathering techniques. Offered
every third year.

ANC 333 Introduction to Anthropological
Research Methodology

Design and implementation of different types
of research modes. Field work projects. Pre-
requisite: ANC 201 or permission of instructor.

ANC 335 Cultural Ecology

Relationships between environment and cul-
tural systems.

ANC 336 Ethnic Identity

Role of ethnic identity in nationalism, non-
assimilation of minorities, intercultural under-
standing, communication and interaction.

ANC 337 Anthropology and Education

Contemporary problems facing educators and
learners in formal and nonformal education in
the Third World and in minority groups.
Methods of conducting ethnological fieldwork
in education. Major trends in role of education
in development. Prerequisite: ANC 201 (ex-
ceptions made for education majors).

ANC 338 Anthropology and Religion

Religious beginnings, role in human life, and
movements from an anthropological viewpoint.
Primitive religions, movements in industrialized
society. Fieldwork in local churches. Prere-
quisite: ANC 201 (exceptions made for re-
ligion and other interested majors).

ANC 339 Developmental Anthropology

Population growth, hunger and nutrition,
agricultural development, role of cultural
factors such as economic decision-making,
risk-taking, gender roles. Prerequisite: Sopho-
more or better or permission of instructor.
ANC 201 recommended.

ANC 340 Conflict Studies

Conflict and its resolution in other cultures,
gender, family, education, corporate, xeno-
phobia, prejudice. Methods of resolution such
as third party, negotiation, mediation, arbitra-
tion. Prerequisite: Sophomore or better or
permission of instructor. ANC 201 recom-
mended.

ANC 350 (Directed Study) Introduction
to Museum Work

Hands-on experience with artifacts, cataloging,
restoring and cleaning, designing and con-
structing an exhibit based on research. Minimum
120 hours. Prerequisite: at least one anthro-
pology course and consent of instructor.

ANC 410 Anthropological Theory

Senior seminar for anthropology majors.
Schools of thought on evolution, diversity,
diffusionism, culture and personality.

CUC 282C East Asian Area Studies

CUC285C Latin American Area Studies

For descriptions see Cross-Cultural Per-
spective Courses.

GEC 250 (Directed Study) Geography

GEC 350 (Directed Study) World Regional
Geography

For descriptions see Geography.

ART

Specific focus and courses for the major are
worked out with a visual arts Mentor. Every
program must consist of a minimum of ten
studio courses, including ARA 101, 102, and
320, plus two approved courses in art history
from outside the discipline. Every student
must pass the required Sophomore show review
in the categories of drawing and design before
undertaking the Senior thesis exhibition. The
Senior thesis exhibition is required of all
majors for graduation, and must demonstrate

Art

technical competence and a developed artistic
vision, the ability to work in a sustained way
with a visual problem or problems, and to
organize gallery scale space coherently.

The visual arts major is process and project
oriented, based on the student's development
as an artist. Within the major students develop
their own area of emphasis, focusing on the
media they select, imagery and content. The
major should be seen as the central part of the
student's education, with other college re-
quirements and elective s contributing as in-
tegral elements to education as a person and
artist.

The normal four year program moves from
structured courses, to greater freedom, to the
independently executed Senior thesis show.

Freshmen

Visual Problem Solving
Drawing Fundamentals
Choice of workshop courses

Sophomores

Choice of workshop courses
Sophomore show

Juniors

Art History

Aesthetics

Choice of workshop courses

Critiques

Seniors

Thesis show preparation
Senior thesis show

An art minor consists of ARA 101, 102, and
one course in art history, plus three other studio
courses approved by the art faculty for quali-
fication for the minor.

ARA 101 Visual Problem Solving

Systematic approach to visual arts, developing
skills in spatial organization, relating forms in
sequence, discovering uniqueness, personal
approach to solutions, even within narrow,
arbitrarily prescribed bounds.

ARA 102 Drawing Fundamentals

For the novice or the initiated, an immersion in
new ways of seeing, eye-hand coordination,
self-discovery, and self-expression through
varied drawing media, using as sources the
figure, still-life, nature, and imagination.

ARA 205 Calligraphy I

The calligraphy styles of England, Europe and
America. Introductory survey open to all stu-
dents regardless of major.

ARA 222 Clay I

For beginners, the fundamentals of ceramic
materials, handforming, recycling, glazing,
firing. Laboratories with supervised working
time and lectures on technical knowledge.

ARA 223 Relief Printing

In-depth investigation of one of the oldest
print mediums, using linoleum as the primary
matrix to explore design and graphic imagery
in both black and white and color. Prerequisite:
ARA 101 or 102.

ARA 225 Etching

Basic techniques of etching, including hard
and soft grounds, aquatint, drypoint, open
biting, embossing, and color printing. Experi-
mentation and an imaginative approach is
expected. Prerequisites: ARA 101 and 102.

ARA 228 Painting Workshop

Introduction of process of painting with
emphasis on each student finding his/her own
imagery, exploring technical means. Any me-
dium or combination allowed. Prerequisite:
ARA 101 and 102.

ARA 229 Photography as Image
Gathering

Process, techniques, and aesthetics of taking
and developing black and white photographs.
No prerequisites, but the student should have
access to a camera with adjustable aperture
and shutter speeds.

ARA 230 Transparent Watercolor Painting

Paint under artificial light as well as out of
doors. Open to beginners and more advanced
students who have never tried transparent
watercolor painting.

ARA 241 Intermediate Drawing

A variety of traditional and non-traditional
drawing media. Visit museums and galleries.
Prerequisite: ARA 101 and 102.

Art

ARA 250 (Directed Study) History of the
Print

A survey of the history and development of the
print medium, intended primarily for art stu-
dents with some background in the graphic
arts. Counts as one art history credit.

ARA 301 Collage and Assemblage

Production of two-and three-dimensional ob-
jects and images, employing various materials,
exploring the interface between painting and
sculpturing. Prerequisites: ARA 101 and 102.

ARA 305 Design and Techniques of
Letterpress

Fine letterpress printing through a studio
course in the techniques of platen and cylinder
press.

ARA 306 Calligraphy II

Further development of skills in one particular
British or American alphabet, with its history
and various uses. Prerequisite: ARA 205 and
permission of instructor.

ARA 308 Throwing on the Potter's Wheel

Throwing instruction and practice. Skill, aes-
thetic considerations, techniques and critiques.
Prerequisite: ARA 222 or permission of in-
structor. Offered alternate semesters.

ARA 309 Ceramic Sculpture

Various techniques from forming through sur-
face finishes. Clay as a sculpture medium from
prehistoric through contemporary use, with an
overview of history. Prerequisite: ARA 101
and 222.

ARA 320/420 Studio Critique

Maximum of independence with regular
critiques, each student preparing a contract
for work in media of the student's choice. Class
used for review of work, field trips and dis-
cussion. Prerequisites: art majors only who
have completed the Sophomore show require-
ment.

ARA 321 Advanced Drawing

Critique forum for students ready to do serious
work in various drawing media, developing a
personal mode of expression. Emphasis on
experimentation with new materials and ideas.
Must be capable of working independently.
Prerequisites: ARA 101, 102 and permission
of instructor.

ARA 322 Advanced Photography Critique

Intensive independent projects designed to
encourage imaginative examination of the local
environment. Class critiques weekly. Evalua-
tion on final portfolio of at least 20 finished
mounted prints exhibiting technical excellence
and creative insight. Prerequisite: ARA 229
and permission of instructor.

ARA 325 Monoprinting

Use etching press to explore ways of achieving
single-impression images through use of oil,
watercolor and printing inks. Demonstrations,
critiques, individual supervision, culminating
in exhibition at end of semester. Prerequisites:
ARA 101 and 102.

ARA 326 Plate Lithography

An exploration of the basic techniques of
aluminum plate lithography. Students are
expected to produce prints in color as well as
black and white. Prerequisites: ARA 101 and
102 and permission of instructor.

ARA 327 Painting Workshop II

ARA 328 Painting Workshop III

Continuation of process begun in ARA 228.
Individual instruction with periodic group cri-
tiques. Emphasis on larger scale works and
technical appropriateness. Prerequisites: ARA
228 for 327; 327 for 328.

Art History

ARA 329A The Art Experience

Students select one artist and do art works
and research on the life and times of that artist,
and make a presentation on both the art works
and the facts. Not open to Freshmen. Sopho-
more's with instructor's permission.

ARA 330 Opaque Watercolor Painting

Techniques of gouache and tempera water-
colors, concentrating on aspects of commercial
art, illustration and fine art approaches. Pre-
requisite: ARA 101, 102 and permission of
instructor.

ARA 342 Introduction to Graphic Design

Basic elements of graphic design: typography,
modern print techniques, illustration, photo-
graphy in advertising, publishing, mass media.
For Juniors and Seniors; others by permission.

ARA 420 Studio Critique

For description see ARA 320.

ARA 499 Senior Thesis and Seminar

For Senior art majors preparing thesis shows,
self-structured time to work, regular weekly
meetings, critiques, practice in hanging and
criticizing shows. Personal, individual discus-
sion time with instructor. Prerequisite: Senior
major in art.

ARI 300 (Directed Study) Florence: An
Architectural History of the City

For description see International Education,
Italy Offerings.

ARI 321A British Painting 1760-1960

ARI 351 (Directed Study) History of
English Architecture

For description see International Education,
London Offerings.

CRA 201 A Triartic Aesthetics:
Understanding the Arts

For description see Aesthetic Perspective
Courses.

For art courses offered in Florence see
International Education, Italy Offerings.

ART HISTORY

AHL 101A Introduction to Art History to
1400

Survey of the history of art from the prehistoric
period through Middle Ages.

AHI 102A Introduction to Art History:
1400 to Present

Development of Renaissance, mannerist, realis-
tic, impression and post-impressionistic,
modernist and postmodernist styles in painting,
sculpture and architecture, related to the cul-
ture of the times in which they grew.

AHL 248A History and Appreciation of
Modern Painting

European painting from Cezanne through
World War II. Analyzing and appreciating
painting, lives and personalities of painters,
schools of art, relationship with events of per-
iod. Permission of instructor required for
Freshman. Offered alternate years.

AHL 341A Medieval-Renaissance Art and
Architecture

Art and architecture of Medieval and Renais-
sance periods in western Europe and the char-
acter of the change in vision and artistic prod-
uct. Films and slides. Permission of instructor
required for Freshmen. Offered alternate years.

ASTRONOMY

For description see Physics.

AUTUMN TERM PROJECTS

Descriptions of autumn term projects are
published in a separate brochure.

Biology

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE

BEB 160M Statistical Methods

Quantitative techniques for data analysis in
the behavioral sciences; univariate and bivar-
iate description, and inference. Credit will be
given for only one of MAN 133 or BEB 160M,
but not both.

BIOLOGY

The biology major is designed to give a broad
pre-professional background for students in-
terested in careers in marine biology, bio-
medical science, environment, and related
fields. Required is demonstration of basic
knowledge and understanding of the history,
methods, and principles of the life sciences.
This demonstration will be satisfied by suc-
cessful completion of a Senior comprehensive
or thesis exam, and ordinarily the following
courses: Marine Invertebrate Biology, Plant
Biology or Marine and Freshwater Botany,
Biology of Vertebrates, Cell Biology, Genetics,
Comparative Physiology, Principles of Ecology,
and an acceptable elective. Each student must
also satisfactorily complete Biology Seminar
and General Chemistry I and II.

For the B.S. degree: (pre-professional)
Students must meet the major and general
education requirements (including prerequi-
sites) by including in their program BIN 303,
304 (the "investigative" courses), MAN 131M,
MAN 133 or BEB 160M (calculus and sta-
tistics), CHN 221, 222 (organic chemistry),
and PHN 241, 242 (physics) or an approved
substitute. Students participating in off-cam-
pus programs may petition for alternatives to
these specifications.

For the B.A. degree: (liberal arts)
Students must meet the major and general
education requirements in the context of a
more diverse program than that specified for
the B.S. At least 12 courses must be in the
natural sciences and mathematics.

Students who major in biology may not also
major in marine science (biology track).

A possible sequence for the B.S. or B.A. degree
in biology:

Freshmen
Fall

Invertebrate Biology

Calculus I for the B.S., a mathematics course
for the B.A.

Spring

Plant Biology
Statistics for the B.S.

Sophomores
Fall

Vertebrate Biology
Chemistry I
Spring
Cell Biology
Chemistry II

Juniors
Fall

Genetics with laboratory for the B.S.,

without for the B.A.
Organic Chemistry I for the B.S.
Biology Seminar
Spring
Physiology with laboratory for the B.S.,

without for the B.A.
Organic Chemistry II for the B.S.
Biology Seminar

Seniors
Fall

Ecology

Physics I for the B.S.
Senior Seminar
Spring

Advanced Biology course
Physics H for the B.S.
Senior Seminar
Senior Comprehensive Examination or Thesis

For the B.S. degree, foreign language may be
taken in the Junior year to accommodate
Chemistry I and II in the Freshman year,
leading to Organic Chemistry I and II in the
Sophomore year.

Biology students are required to demonstrate
basic knowledge in seven areas of the life
sciences (invertebrate, vertebrate, botany, cell,
genetics, physiology and ecology). They learn
how to develop experiments to test appropriate
hypotheses, use skills and laboratory tech-
niques necessary for investigative research,
gather and analyze data and synthesize con-
clusions, and evaluate and sythesize informa-
tion thus obtained. They gain an appreciation
of the history of the life sciences and see their
connection with study areas included in the
biology major curriculum, and the relationship
of information gained from a scientific per-
spective to values-oriented issues in their lives.
Through this program, students also have the
opportunity to improve and perfect their
listening, writing and speaking abilities.

Biology

A minor requires five biology courses, not
including more than two at the 100 level,
perspective courses (except General Biology),
or directed or independent studies. At least
one of the five courses must be at the 300 or
above level.

BIN 12 IE General Biology

Principles of biological science; scientific
method; characteristics of and interactions
between cells, organs, organisms, populations,
communities and ecoystems.

BIN 187 Plant Biology

Evolution, diversity and development of plants,
their place in the ecosystem and responses to
environmental conditions. Vascular, non-vas-
cular marine, freshwater and land plants.
Field trips.

BIN/MSN 188 Marine and Freshwater
Botany

Diversity of marine and freshwater plants, their
relationship to each other and to their environ-
ment. A survey of all plant groups will be
included. Field trips.

BIN/MSN 189 Marine Invertebrate
Biology

Structural basis, evolutionary relationships,
biological functions and environmental inter-
actions of animal life in the seas, exploring the
local area.

BIN 200 Biology of Vertebrates

Classification, evolutionary history, structure,
neo-Darwinian evolution and evolutionary
features as seen in anatomy of aquatic and
terrestrial chordates.

BIN 202 Cell Biology

Structure, function and the flow of energy as
the unifying principle linking photosynthesis,
anaerobic, aerobic respiration and expenditure
of energy by the cell. Prerequisites: CHN 121;
CHN 122 as co-requisite.

BIN 204 Microbiology

Biology of microorganisms; microbiological
techniques, isolation and identification of
unknown organisms.

BIN 250 (Directed Study) Exploration in
Human Nutrition

Available through summer term or Special
Programs only. Suitable for non-science majors.
For students curious about their own nutri-
tional needs, who may be confused by the
many myths currently perpetuated in popular
literature.

BIN 301 Principles of Ecology

Physical, chemical and biological relationships
in natural communities. Field work in nearby
ponds and Gulf shoreline. Prerequisites:
Junior or Senior standings. Corequisite: BIN
303 or 305 or permission of instructor.

BIN/MSN 302 The Biology of Fishes

Systematics, anatomy, physiology, ecology and
behavior of fishes. Laboratory includes field
collecting, trips to local institutions, examina-
tion of anatomical features and systematic
characteristics. Prerequisite: BIN 200, and
Junior standing.

BIN 303 Genetics: Investigative

Mendelian and transcription genetics from
historical perspective. Experimental approach
emphasized. Small lab groups participate in
experimental design, and develop research
skills in molecular biology. Prerequisite: CHN
121/2, BIN 202 or permission of instructor.
Corequisite: CHN 221. Marine science majors
may substitute MSN 301 for CHN 221/2.

BIN 304 Comparative Physiology:
Investigative

Physiological mechanisms of animals and gen-
eral principles revealed through application of
comparative methods. Creative project lab to
develop research skills. Prerequisite: CHN
121/2, BIN 202, 303. Corequisite: CHN 221.
Marine science majors may substitute MSN
301 for CHN 221/2.

BIN 305 Genetics: Interpretive

See BIN 303. Library research project in place
of investigative lab. Prerequisite: CHN 121/
122.

Biology

BIN 306 Comparative Physiology:
Interpretive

See BIN 304. Library research project or in-
dependent alternative in place of investigative
lab. Corequisite: CHN 122.

BIN 307 Biology of Marine Vertebrates

Classification, characteristics, general ecology
and current research methodology. Prerequi-
site: BEN 200 and Junior standing.

BIN 310 Techniques in Electron
Microscopy

Research techniques such as tissue preparation,
sectioning with an ultramicrotome, filming
observations. Prerequisites: Junior standing,
science major, permission of instructor.

BIN/MSN 311 Marine Mammalogy

Marine mammal systematics, status, economic
value, behavior, physiology, population dy-
namics, evolution, management. Prerequisite:
BIN 200 and Junior standing.

BIN 350 (Directed Study) Human
Physiology

Nerves, muscles, sense and endocrine organs;
cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, repro-
ductive, excretory systems; metabolic integra-
tion. Suitable for biology majors off -campus
unable to take BIN 304 or 306. Prerequisites:
CHN 122, BIN 202 and permission of instructor.

BIN/MSN 402 Marine Ecology

Selected aspects of marine systems. Prere-
quisites: BIN 301 or 307.

BIN 406 Advanced Topics in Botany

Subjects investigated determined by student
interest. Prerequisite: BIN 187 or 188.

BIN 407 Paleobotany

Ancient environments and formation of fossils,
evolution of plants, research techniques, field
trips. Prerequisite: BIN 187 or 188, at least
Junior standing and permission of instructor.

BIN 408/NAN 410 Biology Seminar
(2-year sequence)

Topical concerns in biology especially those
not fully explored in other areas of the biology
curriculum. Junior, Senior biology majors par-
ticipate for one course credit; Sophomores
invited to attend.

BIN 420 Advanced Ecology and Evolution

Read and evaluate scientific literature and
conduct a semester-long independent field
research project on selected topic. Prerequi-
sites: B or better in BIN 301 and permission of
instructor.

BIN 422 Advanced Topics in Genetics

Selected topics from contemporary areas of
genetics. Gene regulation, oncogenes, immuno-
genetics, genetic engineering, human genetics.
Biological and social implications. Prerequisite:
BIN 303 or 305 or permission of instructor.

BIN 499 Independent Research - Thesis

Upon invitation, Seniors may design and carry
out a creative research program, usually result-
ing in a written dissertation which is defended
in the spring.

INI 350 The Maritime Heritage of England

For description see International Education,
London Offerings.

NAN 382E The Oceans and Man

NAN 383E Ecology, Evolution and
Natural Resources

NAN 384E The Human Body as an

Environment

NAN 385E Genetics: A Human Perspective

For descriptions see Environmental Per-
spective Courses.

NAN 410 Senior Seminar in the Natural
Sciences

For description see Senior Seminars.

See also Marine Science and Sea Semester.

Chemistry

CHEMISTRY

Students may select from three degree pro-
grams which include the following course re-
quirements:

For the B.A. degree:

CHN 121/2, 221/2, 320, 321, 326 and one
upper level chemistry elective.

For the B.S. degree:

CHN 121/2, 221/2, 320, 321/2, 326, 424,
426.

For the B.S. degree (Certified):

CHN 121/2, 221/2, 320, 321/2, 326, 424,
426, 429 or 499 and one upper level chemis-
try elective.

The B.S. (Certified) degree has been approved
by the American Chemical Society.

The above courses are normally taken in the
order listed.

For any degree, students must also take MAN
131/2, PHN 241/2 and CHN 428/NAN 410
Chemistry Senior Seminar. Additionally, stu-
dents must satisfy the collegium requirement
of 12 courses for the B.A. degree and 16 courses
for either of the B.S. degrees. A working know-
ledge of computers and elementary program-
ming is strongly recommended for all courses
beyond CHN 222. Finally, students must
maintain a C average or better in courses within
the chemistry discipline and supporting courses.

Juniors and Seniors are involved in Experi-
mental Chemistry I and II, a two-semester
laboratory program integrating analytical, in-
organic, instrumental, organic and physical
chemical methods and techniques. Projects
undertaken are problem-solving in nature.

The capabilities and skills that chemistry
majors are expected to attain include know-
ledge of chemical synthesis, analysis, and
theory. In addition, students acquire com-
petence in laboratory techniques, the use of
chemical instrumentation, written and oral
communication, and the ability to use the
chemical literature.

Students desiring a minor in chemistry must
take CHN 121 and 122 and any three of the
following: CHN 221, 222, 320, 321, 322, 323,
324, 326 and 424.

CHN 101E Chemistry and the Environment

Development of mathematical, conceptual and
problem-solving skills. Examples from current
environmental and energy issues. Not recom-
mended for students who have taken General
Chemistry. Prerequisite: high school algebra.

CHN 121 General Chemistry I

Principles of modern chemical theory for
majors in the sciences. Prerequisites: place-
ment at H level in mathematics.

CHN 122 General Chemistry II

Modern chemical theory of importance to later
work in chemistry and molecular biology.
Laboratory includes use of instrumentation
for pH, redox, spectrophotometric measure-
ments. Prerequisite: CHN 121 with grade of C
or better.

CHN 221 Organic Chemistry I

First part of two-course sequence dealing with
chemistry of carbon-containing compounds.
Laboratory on techniques of organic chemistry,
preparation of several simple organic com-
pounds. Prerequisite: CHN 122 with grade of
C or better.

CHN 222 Organic Chemistry II

Continuation of CHN 221 proceeding to more
complex functional groups. Laboratory on
preparation of organic compounds, qualitative
methods for determination of unknown organic
substances. Prerequisite: CHN 221 with grade
of C or better.

CHN 320 Analytical Chemistry

Modern analytical measurements, separations,
and instrumentation including acid-base, redox,
solubility, complexation equilibrian and their
applications. Prerequisites; CHN 222 or per-
mission of instructor, and MAN 132.

CHN 321 Physical Chemistry I:
Investigative

Laws of thermodynamics, free energy, and
chemical equilibrium; solutions of electrolytes,
non-electrolytes; electrochemistry, chemical
kinetic theory. Prerequisites: CHN 122, MAN
132, PHN 242 or permission of instructor.

Chemistry

CHN 322 Physical Chemistry II:
Investigative

Wave mechanics, chemical bonding, atomic
and molecular spectroscopy, statistical ther-
modynamics and some molecular symmetry.
Prerequisite: CHN 321.

CHN 323 Physical Chemistry I:
Interpretive

Non-laboratory version of CHN 321.

CHN 324 Physical Chemistry II:
Interpretive

Non-laboratory version of CHN 322.

CHN 326 Experimental Chemistry I:
Techniques and Instrumentation

Practical application of modern experimental
techniques and modern chemical instrumen-
tation. Required of all chemistry majors, nor-
mally in the Junior year. Prerequisites: CHN
320 and 321.

CHN 422 Advanced Organic Chemistry

Infrared, ultraviolet, nuclear magnetic reso-
nance and mass spectroscopy; advanced syn-
thetic methods, elucidation of reaction mech-
anism, stereochemistry, molecular rearrange-
ments and orbital theory. Prerequisites: CHN
222 and 322.

CHN 424 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry

Electronic structure and properties of the
atom, among them covalent bond, stereo-
chemistry, solid state, acid-base, thermody-
namics; reaction mechanisms, non-aqueous
solvents, borron hydride chemistry. Prerequi-
site: CHN 322. For Senior chemistry majors.

CHN 425 Biochemistry

Structure, function, metabolism, thermody-
namic relationship of chemical entities in living
systems. Quantitative aspects through com-
puter modeling of biological systems. Prereq-
uisite: CHN 222.

CHN 428/NAN 410 Chemistry Seminar
(2-year sequence)

For Junior and Senior chemistry majors. One
course credit on satisfactory completion of
two years of participation. Continuation in
seminar contingent on satisfactory progress in
upper division courses.

CHN 429 Senior Research in Chemistry

Independent laboratory research in one of the
major areas of chemistry. Elective for B.A. or
B.S. in Senior year, required for non-thesis
B.S. (Certified) chemistry majors. Prerequisite:
CHN 326 and permission of instructor.

CHN 499 Independent Research — Thesis

Chemistry students with superior ability may
be invited to do independent research with a
member of the chemistry staff during their
Senior year, and write and defend a research
thesis before a thesis committee.

NAN 28 IE Environmental Chemistry and
Society

NAN/LTL 283E The Growth and Nature
of Scientific Views

For descriptions see Environmental Per-
spective Courses.

NAN 410 Senior Seminar in the Natural
Sciences

For description see Senior Seminars.

CLASSICAL LANGUAGES

REL 101/102 New Testament Greek

For description see Religious Studies.

LAC 101/102 Elementary Latin

Master basic grammatical construction, de-
velop a vocabulary of approximately 500 words
and the ability to read moderately difficult
prose. English word derivation heavily stressed.
LAC 101 is prerequisite for 102.

CHN 426 Experimental Chemistry II:
Advanced Techniques

Continuation of CHN 326. One year lab course
on sophisticated techniques of experimental
chemistry culminating in research project.
Required of all B.S. chemistry majors in Senior
year. Prerequisites: CHN 322 and 326.

COMMUNICATIONS

CRA 140 Mass Communications

The role of the media in society with focus on
newspapers, magazines, radio and television,
and the ways in which the media shape our
thinking and behavior.

Composition

COMPARATIVE EDUCATIONAL
STUDIES

Comparative educational studies is an inter-
disciplinary major, emphasizing theoretical
and experiential work in the social sciences
(anthropology, economics, political science,
sociology and psychology), the humanities
(literature, history, philosophy and religion)
and the fine arts, in addition to pedagogy. The
curriculum integrates an expanded concept of
education (formal, non-formal and informal)
with an international research base, focusing
on areas outside the West and First World.

Students take ten comparative or international
courses in education, anthropology, economics,
political science, aesthetics, area studies and
foreign languages. Students spend at least one
semester in the Junior year in an education-
related internship outside the U.S., applying
concepts from coursework in field research
leading to the development of the Senior pro-
ject. The major does not provide a teaching
certificate. Entry level courses are EDA 202S
and EDA 203 C. Statistics is the recommended
mathematics course. Contact Professor Rus-
sell Bailey for specific program requirements.

See Education.

COMPARATIVE LITERATURE

Comparative literature is an interdisciplinary
approach to literature. Students declare three
areas: five courses in a literature (commonly
English and/or American), three courses in a
foreign language (such as French, German or
Spanish), of which at least two are literature
courses, and two courses in a second foreign
language (at any level) , or in another discipline
(such as history, religion, philosophy, etc.), or
in an approved specialty (world literature in
translation, myth, the Don Juan tradition, etc.).
Students should have one course using com-
parative methodology. Linguistics and literary
criticism are recommended.

Students develop competencies in compara-
tive techniques, literary analogues and influ-
ences, research methods, and interdisciplinary
work. Coursework is shaped to individual
student programs, typically moving from intro-
ductory levels to advanced work, often cul-
minating in a thesis.

COMPOSITION

Composition courses emphasize the ways
different writing processes lead to successful
learning and communication. All address the
conventions of expository writing, standard
English usage, documentation, and preparation
of portfolios for competency evaluation. Stu-
dents in composition courses are urged to
complete their assignments using the word
processing facilities in the college's computer
laboratories. The Writing Center, a service of
the writing excellence program, supplements
composition courses and provides assistance
to students regarding any writing task.

Native speakers of English may take two
Freshman-level composition courses for credit;
non-native speakers may take three Freshman-
level composition courses for credit.

FDF 121 Writing Processes

Introduction to writing processes: prewriting,
drafting, revising, editing. Development of a
personal voice to express ideas and values.
Journal, academic essays, proper use of re-
sources, including documentation.

FDF 122 Analytic and Persuasive Writing

Critical reading and analysis of texts, with
attention to audience, organization, evidence,
persuasion. Collegiate research report: research
questions, writing from sources, presenting
relevant evidence logically.

FDF 123 Resourceful Writing

Individual assignments to sharpen thinking,
editing, research skills. Audience awareness,
broadening student's repertoire, enriching
language use. Usually requires major research
paper.

FDF 221 Reading and Writing Nonfiction
Prose

Read and write critical analyses of contem-
porary nonfiction authors. Study and practice
advanced writing techniques. Research and
write in areas of personal interest. Group and
library work. Prerequisite: Sophomore stand-
ing and one semester's work involving writing,
or instructor's permission.

Computer Science

FDF 32 1 Composition Theory and Learning

The role of writing in learning, theories of com-
position, analysis of writing processes, designing
units of instruction. Group inquiry techniques
and collaborative writing assignments. Prac-
ticum in tutoring. Prerequisite: Junior standing,
completion of writing competency requirement,
or instructor's permission.

FDF 322 Researching and Writing in the
Humanities

Write a major paper in a humanities discipline,
with ongoing evaluation of researching and
writing techniques. Participate in writing
groups, keep a research notebook. Prerequisite:
Sophomore standing.

FDF 323 Organizational Communication

Effective written, oral, visual, and computer-
mediated communication in the context of
modern business practice.

COMPUTER SCIENCE

The course requirements for the computer
science major are composed of two parts —
the program core, and the program special-
ization. The core is a structured sequence of
four computer science courses (Introduction
to Computer Science, Data Structures, Com-
puter Systems, Theory of Computing) and
four mathematics courses (Calculus 1, Discrete
Mathematics, Statistics, Linear Algebra).

The specialization, composed of a minimum of
four , computer science electives numbered
310 or greater pursued during the Junior and
Senior years, is less structured, allowing the
student to emphasize his or her special inter-
ests. At least one of these is required to be
CSN 310 or CSN 411. The Computer Science
Seminar is required in the Junior and Senior
years. This is a total of 1 2 courses (not including
the seminar) for the Bachelor of Arts.

Four additional courses from advanced com-
puter science (300 level or above), mathe-
matics or physics, are required for the Bachelor
of Science.

Students majoring in computer science acquire
a knowledge of basic and advanced algorithm
design and programming, as well as the under-
lying principles, design, and implementation
of the major components of computing systems.
Achievement of the required competencies is
demonstrated by successful completion of

a Senior comprehensive examination or thesis
and by the successful completion of the four
required computer science courses (CSN 143,
CSN 221, CSN 222, and CSN 301) and a mini-
mum of four computer science elective courses
numbered CSN 310 or greater.

For computer science students interested in a
mathematics minor or a double major (com-
puter science and mathematics), Combinatorial
Mathematics may be substituted for Discrete
Mathematics, and Probability and Statistics I
for Statistics.

A minor in computer science requires comple-
tionofCSN143M, 221, 222 and two computer
science courses numbered 300 or above.

CSN 143M Introduction to Computer
Science

History of computing: overview of the elements
of a computer system; problem solving and
algorithm development; Pascal programming
for numeric and non-numeric problems. Pre-
requisites: mathematics placement at the H
level.

CSN 201 Fortran Programming

Problem solving using the Fortran language.
Prerequisites: CSN 143M or permission of
instructor.

CSN/MNB 202 Cobol Programming

Problem solving using the Cobol language. Pre-
requisites: CSN 143M,MNB 210 or permission
of instructor.

CSN 210S Computers and Society

History of computing; social, ethical and legal
impact of computers on society; overview of
the operation, use, and programming of a com-
puter.

CSN 221 Data Structures

Continuation of program design and algorithm
analysis. Identification and evaluation of classes
of problems solvable through well defined data
structures and algorithms including stacks,
recursion, lists, linked lists, trees, searching
and sorting. Prerequisites: CSN 143M.

Computer Science

CSN 222 Computer Systems: Unix/C
Laboratory

A laboratory course in assembly language and
basic concepts of computer systems including
architecture, operating systems, translators
and digital logic. Prerequisite: CSN 221.

CSN 301 Theory of Computing

Abstract basis of computing machines and
languages; introduction to finite automata,
formal languages, Turing machines, and com-
plexity theory. Prerequisites: CSN 221 and
MAN 143.

CSN 310 Computer Architecture

Architectural and hardware elements of com-
puting machines; central processing unit in-
cluding micro-machine, registers, data paths,
arithmetic logic unit, control unit, micropro-
gramming; memory including implementation,
virtual memory, content addressable memory,
cache; input/output including disks, tapes,
serial communications and networks. Prereq-
uisite: CSN 222.

CSN 320 Programming Languages

Nature and implementation of programming
languages including qualities and character-
istics of languages, methods of implementation,
execution models and environments; survey of
programming languages. Prerequisite: CSN
222.

CSN 321 Software Engineering

Properties of software systems; software system
design and development principles; specifica-
tions; models; software tools, monitoring meth-
ods; group programming project for a large
software system. Prerequisite: CSN 222.

CSN 330 Analysis of Algorithms

Theoretical and mathematical basis of algo-
rithm design and analysis. Prerequisites: CSN
301, CSN 221 and MAN 143 or consent of
instructor.

CSN/MAN 341 Numerical Analysis
For description see Mathematics.

CSN/MNB 360 Database System

Conceptual modeling of data systems; organ-
ization of database systems; storage and re-
trieval of data in the database; database design
and administration. Prerequisite: CSN 221 or
MNB 272 or permission of instructor.

CSN 411 Operating Systems

Organization, operation, and implementation
including processor management, memory
management, virtual systems, interprocess
communication, scheduling algorithms, pro-
tection and security, deadlocks; case studies
of operating systems. Prerequisite: CSN 222.

CSN 420 Translators and Compilers

Theory and implementation of high-level lan-
guage virtual machines including assemblers,
macro expansion, compilers and interpreters;
syntactic and semantic models. Prerequisite:
CSN 301.

CSN 438/NAN 410 Computer Science
Seminar

For Junior and Senior computer science majors.
One course credit on satisfactory completion
of two years of participation. Continuation in
seminar contingent on satisfactory progress in
upper division courses.

CSN 460 Artificial Intelligence

Knowledge representation; predicate calculus;
rule-based deductions; searching methods;
applications of understanding; programming
languages and databases for artificial intelli-
gence. Prerequisite: CSN 222.

CSN 499 Computer Science Independent
Research - Thesis

Seniors majoring in computer science may,
upon invitation of the computer science fac-
ulty, do research and write a thesis under the
direction of a member of the faculty. The sub-
mission of the resulting written thesis and an
oral defense will, upon approval of the com-
puter science faculty, satisfy the comprehen-
sive examination requirement for graduation.
Prerequisites: excellence in computer science
courses through the Junior year and invitation
by the faculty.

KSN 20 IP Models of Reasoning

For description see Knight Reading Seminars.

Creative Writing

NAN 410 Senior Seminar in the Natural
Sciences

For description see Senior Seminars.

CREATIVE WRITING

The Writing Workshop helps develop serious
writers — students who think of themselves
primarily as writers and students for whom
writing will be an important avocation. Stu-
dents develop their curriculum individually in
consultation with the Mentor. Course work
varies considerably, but normally must include
six courses in literature (while this is a minimum,
creative writing majors usually elect to take
more than this). At least three workshops are
required: fiction, poetry, and one of the follow-
ing: playwriting, travel writing, journal writing,
or children's literature. Seniors are required
to complete a thesis, a compilation of the stu-
dent's best work in any combination of genres.
The thesis committee will include two full-
time creative writing faculty and a third mem-
ber from any other discipline.

In consultation with the Mentor, students
develop a program of workshops and at least
six literature courses. In special cases (involv-
ing a writing interest best served by study
outside the literature track) students may sub-
stitute for literature courses, two courses from
other disciplines. In the first year, students
take 100 or 200 level literature courses and
Writing Workshop courses in poetry or fiction.
In subsequent years, students build upon this
foundation by, 1) taking advanced courses in
creative writing and courses in playwriting,
travel writing, journals, etc., and 2) developing
a cluster of literature courses defined by a
particular interest (i.e., modern and contem-
porary British and American poetry and fic-
tion), and/or supported by courses from other
disciplines (i.e., American Studies or History
of Modern Britain).

Students learn the craft of fiction, non-fiction
and poetry and develop individual voices.
They learn to articulate and defend reasoned
critical opinions.

A minor is not offered in creative writing.

WWA 100 Introduction to Creative Writing

An introduction to three genres of writing:
poetry, fiction and one-act plays. Lectures,
frequent in-class writing, small group work.

WWA 2/3/428 Writing Workshop:
The Short Story

Students' stories read aloud and discussed in
class. Emphasis on rewriting, critical principles
and development of works through several
phases of composition. Can be repeated for
credit.

WWA 2/3/429 Writing Workshop: Poetry

Forms and techniques in poetry. Students sub-
mit their poems for discussion, review, and
rewriting. Familiarity with current poetry is
encouraged. Instructor's permission required.

WWA 2/3/430 Poetry Workshop:
The Forms of Poetry

Concentrates exclusively on formal poetry:
sonnet, blank verse, sestina, rhymed forms.
Permission of the instructor required.

WWA 231 Writing Workshop:
Children's Literature

Reading and writing fiction and verse, explor-
ing possibilities of children's literature. Stu-
dents bring their own work to class for dis-
cussion and evaluation. Preference given to
upperclass students. Instructor's permission
required.

WWA 248 Writing Workshop:
Feature Writing

Writing magazine articles for publication:
travel writing, public affairs reporting, in-depth
personality features. Also write two analytical
pieces incorporating a thoughtful critique of
a ward- winning magazine features.

WWA 261 Writing Workshop:
Travel Writing

Reading and writing about travel. Students
will read classics in travel writing by authors
like McPhee, Fussell, Hoagland, etc. and write
their own articles to be discussed in the work-
shop. Instructor's permission required.

WWA 300 Writing Workshop: Tutorial

Daily meetings with instructor to discuss pro-
gress in all genres. Periodic group discussions.
Prerequisite: one writing workshop and per-
mission of instructor.

Cross-Cultural Perspective Courses

WWA 302 A Rhetoric of Film

Film as an art form, its history, typology, tech-
nology and symbology. How films are made, by
whom, and out of what visions of the world.

WWA 305 Journals, Diaries, and Letters:
The Intimate Connection

Journals, diaries and letters as related to the
creative process. Practice and discuss various
journaling techniques, writing our own jour-
nals.

WWA 328 Writing Workshop:
The Short Story

See WWA 228.

WWA 329 Writing Workshop: Poetry

See WWA 229.

WWA 330 Poetry Workshop:
The Forms of Poetry

See WWA 230.

WWA 333 Writing Workshop:
Advanced Fiction

At least two student works written, revised
and discussed in seminar setting. Discussions
of short stories by masters, articles on writing.
Visits by local writers. Prerequisite: WWA
228 and permission of instructor.

WWA 334 Writing Workshop:
One- Act Play

Writing one-act plays, reading short plays, in-
cluding traditional and experimental forms.
Each student writes at least two plays, to be
read and discussed in class. Production of
original plays encouraged. Instructor's per-
mission required.

WWA 335 Writing Workshop:
Advanced Poetry

Read and discuss poetry and commentary, as
well as original student poems. Write formally
or in free verse. Suggestions for submitting
poetry to journals and editors. Prerequisite:
WWA 229 or 230 and permission of instructor.

WWA 410 Writing Workshop Senior
Seminar

Writing creative responses in poetry or prose
to various events on campus. Practical advice
about jobs for writers. Guest writers.

WWA 428 Writing Workshop:
The Short Story

See WWA 228.

WWA 429 Writing Workshop: Poetry

See WWA 229.

WWA 430 Writing Workshop:
The Forms of Poetry

See WWA 230.

CRA 202A Literature and Vocation

For description see Aesthetic Perspective.

CROSS-CULTURAL
PERSPECTIVE COURSES

Courses in this perspective are designed to
provide an introduction to a culture or cultures
different from the student's own, to increase
knowledge of the richness and diversity of
human social existence and, in so doing, pro-
vide greater insights into the strengths and
weaknesses of the student's own cultural per-
spective. A semester of study abroad may
also satisfy this requirement.

ANC 207C Chinese Communist Society
ANC 286C Cultures of Sub-Saharan Africa

For descriptions see Anthropology.

CUC/WHF 183C United States Area
Studies

For description see Western Heritage.

CUC 282C East Asian Area Studies

Examination of the more enduring features of
China and Japan, through art, architecture,
literature, customs, religious beliefs and intel-
lectual traditions. Prerequisite: Sophomore
standing.

CUC 283C Russian Area Studies

Understanding Russians as people, Russia's
contribution to Western civilization, the im-
pact of the Bolshevik Revolution on Russian
society and the role of Russia in the world
today.

Directed Study Courses

CUC 285C Latin American Area Studies

A multidisciplinary, contemporary overview
of the peoples and cultures, achievements and
challenges faced in Latin America.

ECB 283C International Economic
Relations

ECB 284C Soviet and Chinese Economic
Systems

For descriptions see Economics. Available in
PEL only.

EDA 203C Cultural Foundations of
Education

EDA 330C Comparative Education

For descriptions see Education.

FRC 202C Intermediate French II

For description see Modern Languages,
French.

HIL 203C Europe in Transition: 1200-
1815

HIL 204C Foundations of Contempo-
rary Europe: 1815-Present

HIC 232C World History to Columbus

HIC 233C Global History in the Modern
World

HIC 264C The History of the Two St.
Petersburgs

HIL 30 1C Columbus and the American
Encounter

HIL 369C The French Revolution

HIC 380C Traditional Japan: A Cultural
History

For descriptions see History.

INI 379C Florence Seminar

For description see International Education,
Italy Offerings.

INI 389C British Seminar

For description see International Education,
London Offerings.

POB 103C Introduction to International
Relations

POB 104C Introduction to Comparative
Politics

POB 21 1C Inter- American Relations

POB 32 1C Comparative European Politics

For descriptions see Political Science.

REL 203C Old Testament Judaism
REL 204C New Testament Christianity
REC 240C Non-Western Religions
REL 244C Western Religions
REC 32 1C Confucian and Taoist Tradition
For descriptions see Religious Studies.

SPC 202C Intermediate Spanish II

For description see Modern Languages,
Spanish.

See also Psychology.
HUMANITIES

This interdisciplinary major coordinated by
the Letters Collegium is a flexible way to study
enduring human issues, since it is designed by
a student and Mentor around a central focus
(e.g., historical period, geographical area, cul-
tural/intellectual movement) and a methodol-
ogy provided by five courses from one core
discipline (art, foreign language, history, litera-
ture, music, philosophy, political science, reli-
gion, sociology, theatre) and five other com-
plementary courses. At least five courses must
be beyond the introductory level. Humanities
students will be encouraged to participate
together in selected integrative humanities
courses. A guiding committee of three faculty
from disciplines in the student's program will
be selected by the Junior year, that will design
and evaluate the Senior comprehensive exam,
or may invite the student to write a Senior
thesis.

International Business

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

The international business major is designed
to provide students with a variety of profi-
ciencies and experiences related to career
opportunities and/or preparation for graduate
work. Requirements for the major are:
Language

Five courses in one language with demon-
strated conversational skills, or the equivalent
with a minimum average of 2.0.

Foreign Cultures

Introduction to Anthropology with a C or better,
one cultural area course, and two courses to be
chosen from a list of internationally focused
economics and /or political science courses.

Business Foundations

Principles of Accounting, Principles of Macro-
economics, Principles of Marketing, The Man-
agerial Enterprise, Finance, the latter three
courses with a C or better.

International Business

The Cultural Environment of International
Business, International Marketing, Interna-
tional Finance and Banking, and the compre-
hensive examination, all with a C or better.

Prerequisite to international business courses is
either Statistical Methods, College Algebra, Cal-
culus I or Introduction to Computer Science.

Study Abroad

A winter term, summer term or semester
abroad within an appropriate International
Education program, or an individualized study
under the direction of a member of the faculty
committee. International students are exempt.

Freshmen and Sophomores

Foreign Language

Introduction to Anthropology

Cultural Area course

Mathematics requirement

Cultural Environment of International

Business

Sophomores and Juniors

Foreign experience

Accounting

Macroeconomics

Juniors

Managerial Enterprise
Finance
Marketing

International politics and/or economics
courses

Seniors

International Finance and Banking

International Marketing

Senior Comprehensive Examination

The competencies achieved in the major are:

— knowledge of international business fields
within a multidisciplinary perspective, in-
cluding anthropology, management, foreign
language, foreign experience, economics,
political science, culture area, marketing,
accounting and finance.

— cross-cultural understanding and experience,
and the capacity for leadership on cross-
cultural issues in business and community
life.

— preparation for careers in international
business.

— preparation for graduate degree programs
in the field of international business and
related multicultural and international fields.

Requirements for a minor include successful
completion of ANC 201S, IBC 385, IBC 485,
IBC 486, and an overseas winter term or other
program in a foreign country.

IBC/ANC/MNB 260 The Cultural
Environment of International Business

IBC/ANC/MNB 261 International
Management

For descriptions see Anthropology.

IBC 410 Ethical Issues in World Trade

Senior seminar for international business
majors. Study moral issues and ethical pro-
blems to understand complexities, interplay
of values, law and ethics as they effect inter-
national business praxis.

IBC/MNB 485 International Marketing

International product management, pricing in
foreign markets, multinational distribution
and business logistics systems, world-wide
promotion programs, international market
and marketing research. Prerequisite: MNB
369.

IBC/MNB 486 International Finance and
Banking

International banking system, foreign exchange
risk management, long run investment deci-
sions, financing decisions, working capital
management, international accounting, tax
planning. Prerequisite: ECB 282S, and MNB
377 or 378.

International Education

IBC 498 Multinational Corporate Strategy

Comprehensive offered during winter term.

INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION

LONDON OFFERINGS

AM 321 A British Painting 1760 - 1960

Hogarth, Reynolds, Stubbs and Turner stud-
ied in depth. Collections of George III, Sir
John Soane, Duke of Wellington and other
connoisseurs of the period discussed. Visits to
museums and galleries.

ARI 351 (Directed Study) A History of
English Architecture

For the London semester student, an intro-
duction to the history of English architecture,
from Anglo-Saxon times to the present. No
prerequisites, but some contact with art or art
history is recommended.

HII 310 (Directed Study) History of
England to 1688

HII 311 (Directed Study) History of
Modern Britain Since 1688

HII 312 (Directed Study) History of
London

For descriptions see History.

INI 350 (Directed Study) The Maritime
Heritage of England

The influence of the sea on the English nation,
its contribution to economic development and
the values of its people, through readings and
visits to museums and historic sites.

INI 389C British Seminar

Required for students in the London semester.
The historical, institutional and contemporary
issues of Britain, with particular attention to
London. Visiting experts in various fields,
excursions and readings help students develop
understanding of Britain today.

The British Seminar is valid as a Cross-Cultural
Perspective course in Comparative Cultures,
Creative Arts and Letters. It is not valid as a
Cross-Cultural Perspective course in Behav-
ioral or Natural Sciences.

POI 2/30 IS Introduction to Contemporary
British Politics

Major issues in contemporary British politics:
the changing setting, need for institutional
reform, mark of Thatcherism. British develop-
ments and decisions in the context of domestic
constraints and imperatives.

PSI 350 (Directed Study) Youth
Experience in a Changing Great Britain

The impact of recent events on British youth
through face-to-face encounters and an exam-
ination of the institutions which shape their
lives. Prerequisite: PSB 202 or a course in
child development and consent of the in-
structor.

THI 365A Theatre in London

London theatre, including backstage tours
and guest lectures, covering drama from clas-
sical to modern. For students with a general
interest in theatre, of whatever major.

ITALY OFFERINGS (Florence)

ITI 1/2/3/401/2 Italian Language

A requirement while studying in the Florence
program. Classes at Europass Centra Studi
Europeo, Florence.

ARI 2/324 Etching

Intaglio, aquatint, soft ground, sugar life, relief
printing, air brush ground, dry-point, engrav-
ing. Prerequisite: proficiency in drawing and
design.

ARI 2/325 Oil Painting

Old masters and modern oil painting techni-
ques through the study of great artists' work,
and of free compositions. Learn to use the
medium and develop a personal style.

ARI 2/326 Watercolor

Pigments, brushes, papers, washes, overlay,
form, chiaroscuro, techniques.

ARI 2/344 Drawing

Line, modeling, chiaroscuro, perspective, com-
position. Both drawing and watercolor not
required; however drawing in preparation for
painting expected.

International Studies

INI 379C Florence Seminar

The history and culture of Italy, visiting art
and history museums and other points of inter-
est in Florence and vicinity. Required of all
students in the Florence program.

Directed Studies offered to Florence stu-
dents only.

ARI 300 Florence: An Architectural His-
tory of the City

The historical developments of 2,000 years
which shaped the image of Florence, and major
developments in Western architecture as they
were originated and interpreted by the Floren-
tine creative spirit.

LLI 300 Florentine Literature

Specific assignments on the greatest Florentine
writers: Dante, Boccaccio, Petrarch, Machia-
velli, Cellini and others, and places in Florence
associated with them.

OTHER OPPORTUNITIES

Eckerd College cooperates with several insti-
tutions to provide students with opportunities
in other overseas locations. In all cases, courses
are chosen at the time of registration at the
host university.

France

Full year exchange with ISEP or CIEE (see
below). Semester or year in Aix-en-Provence
or Avignon in cooperation with the Institute
for American Universities. Prerequisite: two
years minimum of college French.

Germany

Semester abroad in Freiburg, in cooperation
with Stetson University or with ISEP or CIEE.
Prerequisite: two years of college German.
Language and humanities.

Japan

Full-year exchange opportunities at Kansai
Gaidai (Osaka) or Nanzan University (Nagoya).
Full range of courses. Classes in English.
Japanese recommended prior to exchange.

Korea

Semester or full-year at Ewha Woman's Uni-
versity (Seoul). Wide range of courses. Classes
in English.

Spain

Semester abroad in Madrid, in cooperation
with Stetson University. Prerequisite: two
years of college Spanish. Language, humanities.
Year program available through ISEP or CIEE.

ISEP (International Student Exchange
Program)

CIEE (Council on International Educa-
tional Exchange)

Opportunities to study overseas for a semester
or year at one of over 100 locations throughout
the world. Students enroll in universities
abroad. Fees are paid to Eckerd College, and
all scholarships, loans and grants apply as if on
campus.

Information on all of the above is available
from the International Education and Off-
Campus Study office, Sheila Johnston, Director.

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

An interdisciplinary major in international
studies should form a consistent pattern of
courses that focus on one foreign nation or
cultural area of the world, or on a global topic
involving nations from different parts of the
world. The major includes language study,
courses in the same cultural area of the world,
courses in a particular discipline, and study
abroad for a year or semester.

Students majoring in international studies are
guided by a three member committee, includ-
ing one faculty member from the core discipline,
and two other faculty members with whom the
student has worked in the major.

The major consists of a minimum often courses,
with at least five from one of the core dis-
ciplines - economics, political science, history,
or anthropology - and at least six courses
beyond the introductory level. Courses taken
in the core discipline must comply with the
sequencing requirements of that discipline.
Included in the ten courses must be Intro-
duction to International Relations or Introduc-
tion to Comparative Politics, Introduction to
Anthropology, and at least three courses re-
lated to the chosen geographic area. Students

Knight Reading Seminars

are also required to complete at least two years
of college level foreign language study plus
one year abroad in a country related to the
chosen language, geographic or cultural area;
or two and a half years of college level foreign
language study and one semester in the related
country.

Serving as a Resident Adviser in an intern-
ational residence house or as an intern with the
ELS Language Center is also advised.

International students should confer with the
major faculty, as there are special requirements
more suited to them.

Students majoring in international studies
begin with two required courses: Introduction
to Anthropology, and Introduction to Inter-
national Relations or Introduction to Com-
parative Politics. They also begin their study
of a foreign language immediately since they
are required to complete at least two years of
college level foreign language plus one year
abroad in a country related to the language, or
two and a half years of college level foreign
language and one semester in the related
country. Students also take at least five courses
from one core discipline — anthropology,
economics, history, or political science — which
must comply with the sequencing requirements
or the specified requirements of the discipline,
and they take at least three courses in a cultural
area of the world related to their foreign lang-
uage study. At least six of the ten required
courses must be beyond the introductory level.

Students who complete the international stud-
ies major demonstrate the following com-
petencies:

— acquaintance with one modern foreign
language, including an understanding of its
grammatical structure, acquisition of basic
vocabulary, and oral expression.

— knowledge of the social, political, and cul-
tural structures of one particular country or
area of the world.

— understanding of the disciplinary perspec-
tive of one chosen discipline.

— ability to write, think, and speak effectively
in communicating the interrelatedness of
peoples and cultures.

ITALIAN LANGUAGE

See Modern Languages.

ITALY OFFERINGS

See International Education.

JAPANESE LANGUAGE

See Modern Languages.

JUDAEO-CHRISTIAN
PERSPECTIVES COURSE

JCP 410 Judaeo-Christian Perspectives
on Contemporary Issues (Directed Study
available by petition only for Seniors)

Team-taught interdisciplinary capstone Senior
seminar examines the values and perspectives
of the Judaeo-Christian tradition applied to
contemporary issues. Required for all Seniors.

KNIGHT READING SEMINARS

The following courses fulfill any of the four
perspective requirements, but do not relieve
the student of the requirement that the four
perspective courses be taken in four different
collegia.

KSA 20 IP Models, Myths and Music

Are transformation, conflict and status qup
the phenomena which underlie all myths,
models of the universe, and musical forms?
Address this question, focusing on primary
texts in natural science, literature and music.

KSB 20 IP Power, Authority and Virtue

Government and society depend on what
people believe. Examine the relationship be-
tween virtue, power, and authority through
study of some of the great philosophical texts
which have informed this inquiry in modern
civilization.

KSB 202P Sociology of Knowledge

Society constructs its own views of reality.
Individuals unquestioningly accept definitions
of reality offered by the culture, and also con-
tribute to the modifications of these definitions.
Socratic method, dialectical method, meta-
physics/dialectical materialism, revisions.

Literature

KSL 201P The Ancient Tradition I:
Homer to Plato

Classical Greek paideia (culture/education)
through great texts of the era, to see what can
be learned from them about the things that
matter most of all today. Hesiod, Aeschylus,
Euripides, Hippocrates, Thucydides, Plato,
Aristophanes.

KSL 202P The Ancient Tradition II:
Empires and Ethics

Great literary, historical, scientific and philo-
sophical texts of later classical and Hellenistic
Greece to the late Roman Empire, studied for
insights and understanding about things that
matter today.

KSL 203P Search for a Transcendent
Order

Examination of selected Western texts touching
on religious themes, from the Biblical era to
the Reformation, with a focus on their under-
standing of the transcendent and its implica-
tions for the way individuals and societies order
and direct themselves.

KSL 204P Ethics: Human Development
and the Good Life

The nature of and prerequisites for the good
life. Analysis of duties, rights, opportunities,
human nature, social organization, comparing
ancient times with the present. Aristotle,
Shakespeare, Kant, Mill, Marx and others.

KSL 205P Plato and Aristotle's Science

Analyze how Plato and Aristotle's physical
science criticized and developed pre-Socratic
sciences, and the negative and positive con-
tributions they made to medieval and modern
science, including interrelationship between
science, politics and religion.

KSL 206P Truth and Narrative

The relationship of truth to the medium of
narrative. Criteria forjudging truth in scientific,
historiographic, religious or literary narratives.
Practice in intellectual discussion, reasoned
argumentation, clear writing.

KSN 20 IP Models of Reasoning:
the Rationalist/Empiricist Conflict

Examine historical, philosophical and scien-
tific roots of the clash of paradigms for under-
standing the nature of mind. Explore the nature
of intelligence, reasoning, awareness. Plato,
Artisotle, Locke, Skinner, Douglas, Wiener,
Joyce, and others.

LANGUAGES

See Modern Languages.

LATIN

See Classical Languages.

LINGUISTICS

For description see Anthropology.

LITERATURE

Students majoring in literature must have a
Mentor in the literature discipline, preferably
chosen by the second semester of the Sopho-
more year, and must take a minimum of eight
literature courses, including at least one from
English literature prior to 1800, and one from
American literature. One of these may be a
writing workshop course. Literature majors
work out their schedules with their Mentors
according to individual needs. Literature
majors must successfully pass a Senior com-
prehensive exam, covering in survey fashion
English, American and comparative literature,
literary criticism, and methodological applica-
tion; course selections should be made with
this requirement in mind. In exceptional cases,
students who have established their profici-
ency in literature may be invited to write a
Senior thesis in place of the comprehensive
exam. Students seeking to major in literature
in addition to a primary major in another field
must request permission of the faculty in litera-
ture as soon as possible, but not later than the
second semester of the Junior year.

Courses are divided into three categories:
introduction to study of literature (typically
100 level courses) and perspective courses;
mid-level (typically 200-300 level courses),
and advanced (courses with prerequisites,
Senior seminars, etc.).

Students develop competencies in analysis
and interpretation of texts, skills in presenting

Literature

ideas in writing and discussion, awareness of
English and American literary traditions and
cultural contexts, research skills, and apprecia-
tion for literature as an art.

For a minor in literature students take five
courses in literature, one of which may be a
writing workshop, three of which must be
Eckerd College courses, and two of which must
be at the 300 level or above. Four courses
taken at Eckerd must be taught by faculty in
the literature discipline.

LI A 101 Introduction to Literature: Short
Fiction

Short stories and novels, concentrating on crit-
ical thinking, clear, concise written and spoken
exposition, and values embodied in great works.
Attendance is required.

LIA 102 Introduction to Literature: The
Four Genres

Plays, poems, novels and short stories, con-
centrating on critical thinking, clear, concise
written and spoken exposition, and values
embodied in great works. Attendance is re-
quired.

LIA 109 Introduction to Poetry

Major forms and traditions through established
and experimental examples from English and
American poets. Lyric, narrative, ballad, son-
net, villanelle.

CRA 202A Literature and Vocation

For description see Aesthetic Perspective.

LIA 202 Journalism

Basic news story, in-depth reporting, reviews,
features, editorials, editing, layout, social and
legal issues facing the press. Students should
have previous experience in high school or
college journalism.

LIL 2 10 A Human Experience in Literature

Basic human experiences (innocence and
experience, conformity and rebellion, love and
hate, the presence of death) approached
through great poems, stories and plays. Liter-
ature from 400 B.C. to the present.

LIA 221 American Literature I: The
Puritans to Whitman

Literature of 17th, 18th and 19th century
America. The development and transfiguration
of American attitudes toward nature, religion,
government, slavery, etc., traced through liter-
ary works.

LIL 222 American Literature II

Survey of American literature from the mid-
19th century to the pre sent. Dickinson, Twain,
James, Crane, Pound, Eliot, Frost, Stevens,
O'Neill, Hemingway, Faulkner, Lowell, O'Con-
nor, Welty and a range of contemporaries.

LIL 223 American Literature III

Major writers and literary works from 1920 to
present. Important movements such as the
Harlem Renaissance, Modernism, ethnic
writing, the search for meaning, experimenta-
tion in form.

LIA 225 Modern American Poetry

Major American poets from 1900 to 1950,
concentrating on the meaning and values ex-
pressed in the poems, the development of
modernism, and the reflection of America as
our society developed.

LIA 226A Literary Genres: Short Novels

The short novel and ways in which it differs
from shorter and longer fiction, how literature
embodies values, and practice in the enuncia-
tion and defense of reasoned critical opinions.
Attendance is required.

LIA 228 A The American Short Story:
Fiction into Film

Literature of 19th and 20th century America:
humorists, poets, novelists, dramatists and
short story writers, including Twain, Dickinson,
Eliot, Frost, Henry James, Hemingway, Faulk-
ner, O'Neill, Williams, O'Connor, Baldwin,
Welty. Attendance required.

LIA/ANC 230 Linguistics

For description see Anthropology.

LIC/RUC 232 Russian Classics in
Translation

LIC/RUC 234 Russian Literature in
Translation

For descriptions see Russian Studies.

Literature

LIL 235 Introduction to Shakespeare

Shakespeare through sampling each dramatic
genre: comedy, tragedy, history and romance.
Learn to appreciate and evaluate his writings,
and the characteristic distinctions among the
genres.

LIL/THA 236/7 History of Drama I and II

Two semester course; either may be taken
independently. Part I includes Greek drama
through the Restoration and 18th century.
Part II includes pre-modern, modern and con-
temporary classics.

LIL 238 English Literature I: to 1800

General survey from the Old English to the
Neoclassic period, highlighting the historical
traditions which the authors create and upon
which they draw.

LIA 267S Literature of Healing and Dying

The relationship between the sick person and
the caregiver, and the relationship between
the reader and the writer who describes, and
sometimes criticizes, the first relationship, to
deepen understanding of health care issues.

LIL 271 Drama as Genre

Tragedy, comedy, and tragicomedy: the impor-
tance of language, from poetry to slang. Writ-
ings of important critics through the ages.
Theatre productions, televised plays.

LIA 281 A The Rise of the Novel: Western
Narrative I

Some of the great works of the Western tra-
dition, the fantastic and the realistic, following
the guided dreams of narrative and its explor-
ation of our imaginations and our worlds.

LIL 239 English Literature II

General survey of British literature from 1800
to 1950, including Romantic, Victorian,
modern and contemporary writers. The his-
torical tradition and outstanding individual
artists.

LIA 282A The Modern Novel: Western
Narrative II

Modern writers and some of the questions of
modern times: alienation, depth psychology in
fiction, assessments of technology and urban life,
sources of hope in humanism and literary art.

LIA 241A Major American Novels

Major American novels, their narrative art,
their reflection of American culture, their en-
gagement of the readers' hearts and minds,
exploring some of life's great questions as
revealed by masterful writers.

LIA 242 A Introduction to Native American
Literature

Emphasis on Navajo, Pueblo and Kiowa oral
narrative, autobiography, essay, poetry, fiction.
Connections between myths in Native Ameri-
can stories and contemporary Anglo culture.

LIA 250 (Directed Study) Children's
Literature

The best of children's literature in various
genres. Students do either a creative (e.g.,
writing children's story) or scholarly (e.g., essay
on history of nursery rhymes) project.

LIL 250 (Directed Study) Shakespeare

For students unable to enroll in LIL 235 In-
troduction to Shakespeare, or those wishing to
pursue further work on Shakespeare inde-
pendently.

LII 300 (Directed Study) Florentine Liter-
ature

See International Education, Italy Offer-
ings.

LIA 301 Southern Literature

Southern novels, short stories and plays, iden-
tifying what is "Southern" about them. Works
by McCullers, Warren, Faulkner, O'Connor,
Percy, Price, Porter, Ganes. Attendance re-
quired.

LIA 302 Studies in Fiction

Topics vary according to student and faculty
interest. Close reading of texts, study of criti-
cism and applicable literary theory, library
research techniques, writing critical prose on
the topic.

LIL 303 18th Century British Literature

British literature from the death of Dryden to
the beginning of the Romantic Age. Major
writers including Locke, Swift, Pope, Addison,
Jonson, Fielding, Sterne. Major Enlighten-
ment themes and genres.

Literature

LIC/GRC 304 The Novels of Hermann
Hesse

For description see Modern Languages,
German.

LIL 305A Women as Metaphor

Investigating European, Canadian and Amer-
ican literature with emphasis on metaphors
for women, what it is to be human, and values
choices. Conceptions of women through the
ages as presented in literature.

LIL 308 The Poetry of Donne and Jonson

The poetry of Donne and Jonson, comparing
their ideas and techniques, their relationships
to themselves, their beloved and the world,
and examining perplexities held in common
across the centuries.

LIL 309 Religion in Literature

Poems, stories, novels and plays which deal
with religious experience. Selections from Old
Testament, Dante, Herbert, Milton, Dickinson,
Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Eliot, Auden and
O'Conner.

LIL 311 Literature and Myth

Stories, poems, plays, film which take their
major themes and patterns from myth, or which
attempt to forge alternate myths. Greek to
modern writers. Readings from anthropologists,
other social scientists, and myth criticisms.

LIL 312 Literature by Women

Poems, plays, stories, essays, journals, and
other genres of literature by women of various
cultures and languages, primarily over the past
century. Major social, political and historical
movements shaping the writer and her world.

LIL 320 British Literature: Modern
Poetry

Survey of British literature from the 1880s to
World War II, and an attempt to define
"modernism" in poetry. Poets include Hop-
kins, Hardy, Yeats, Housman, Eliot, Auden
and Thomas.

LIL 322 Modern British Literature

Readings of period documents in history and
social sciences; major writers, including Conrad,
Joyce, Eliot, Woolf and Auden. Does not in-
clude drama.
68

LIL 323 The Victorian Age in British
Literature

British poetry and prose during the reign of
Victoria (1837-1901). Major writers including
Tennyson, Browning, Arnold, Hopkins, Dic-
kens, Ruskin, Hardy. Victorian themes and
intellectual preoccupations.

LIL 324 The Romantic Age in British
Literature

Pre-Romantics of late 18th century through
major artists of the next two generations.
Burns, Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Scott,
Shelley, Keats, Byron. Major Romantic themes
and genres.

LIL 325A Men and Women in Literature

Understanding the roles (or "metaphors") for
men and women involved in societal or indi-
vidual choices, through the study of great works
of Western literature.

LIL 327 Chaucer to Shakespeare

Survey of major authors and forms of early
English non-dramatic poetry, with emphasis
on Chaucer, Spenser and Shakespeare.

LIA 328E Literature and Ecology:
Writings About the Earth Household

Exploring through literature the myths, ideas
and attitudes which shape ecological practice.
Understanding our heritage and using that
knowledge to keep the earth household alive
and healthy.

LIA 334 20th Century European Fiction

Novels representing various countries, domi-
nant literary movements and most influential
authors. One or more novels may be read in the
original language. Prerequisite: one college
level literature course.

LIL 338 20th Century Drama: British/
U.S.

Representative dramatic forms through works
by O'Neill, Williams, Miller, Eliot, Osborne,
Pinter, Beckett, Arden, Stoppard, and the
influences which helped shape modern drama.
Prerequisite: any course in drama.

LIL/REL 342A The Art of Biblical
Literature

For description see Religious Studies.

LIA 347 Great Prose

Non-fiction prose, largely from the Western
tradition, asking how authors use language to
enquire into various topics and to lead the
mind and imagination of the reader.

LIA 349A Fiction from Around the World

Modern fiction from various parts of the globe.
Artistic responses to social problems. Fiction
as a means of representing human experience,
both in values questions and literary elements
(plot, character, image, etc.).

LIA 350 (Directed Study) Modern
American Novel

Ten or twelve major American novelists of the
first half of the 20th century from Dreiser
through Richard Wright. Ideas, themes and
analysis of writing style.

LIA 351 (Directed Study) 20th Century
American Women Artists and Writers
(c. 1900-1935)

Women artists and writers in the social and
cultural context of their times. Students choose
from among photography, dance, poetry, prose.
Prerequisite: Sophomore or higher.

LIC/GRC 351 (Directed Study) Life and
Works of Franz Kafka

For description see Modern Languages,
German.

LIA 352 (Directed Study) American
Fiction: 1950 to Present II

For description see LIA 252.

LIL 352A African- American Literary
Survey

A chronology of African-American history,
tracing the evolution of literary tradition from
folk cultures, literary and intellectual traditions,
to current themes.

LIA 361 Literary Criticism

A study of literary theory and criticism using
the most important figures in the West from
Plato to the present. Prerequisite: one college
literature course.

Literature

LIA/THA 362A Film and Literature

Elements of film production, major film gen-
res, literary sources and analogues, and some
of the critical approaches of film study.

LIA 368 Literature of Fact

Literary elements applied to describing reality
accurately. Interpretation, point of view, style,
personal involvement, ethical responsibilities
studied through non-fiction writers.

LIL 372 Tragedy and Comedy

Range of periods and genres: drama, film,
television. Critical opinions on what distin-
guishes the tragic and the comic.

LIA 380A Images of the Goddess

Myths, archetypes and symbols surrounding
the Goddess, "god-talk," and "godthinking"
through the study of Christian mystics, Jungian
psychologists, contemporary poets, novelists
and theologians.

LIA 381 A Contemporary American Fiction

Fiction that breaks new ground and how it
evolves. Selections from several strands of
current writing in America, traditional and
experimental, male and female, urban and
rural, white and black.

LIA 382A Contemporary American Poetry

Poems of post-1950 American poets, various
movements that developed and the values they
represent, and the difficult relations between
the poet and society.

CRA 384A 20th Century American
Women in the Arts

For description see Aesthetic Perspective
Courses.

LIA 403 American Fiction Since 1950

Best of American fiction since 1950, selecting
from such authors as Didion, Ellison, Mala-
mud, Mailer, O'Connor, Kesey, Yates, Morris,
Bellow. Attendance is required.

LIL 425 Seminar on Shakespeare

Plays and poems, language, structure, setting,
characterization, themes, traditions. Limited
to Senior literature majors, with others by
Permission of instructor.

Management

LIL 430 John Milton Seminar

Milton's sonnets, epics, drama and prose, in
the context of his life and times.

LIL 435 Poetry of Eliot and Yeats

Transformation of Romanticism through the
works of two of the greatest poets of the past
hundred years.

LIL 440 The Mythical Method: Yeats,
Eliot and Joyce

The narrative method of telling a story with
beginning, middle and end, compared with
experiments of three modern masters with an
alternative method, fragments unified by ref-
erence to myth.

LIL 441 Twentieth Century Literary
Theory

Important approaches to literature and lan-
guage in the 20th century, including New
Critical, Marxist, Psychoanalytic, Structura-
list, Phenomenologist, Mythic, Feminist, New
Historical, Deconstructionist. Prerequisite:
two college level literature courses.

LONDON OFFERINGS

See International Education.

MANAGEMENT

The management program rests on two prin-
cipal foundations: teaching management in a
liberal arts environment and teaching the
general management core requirements that
comprise the accepted body of knowledge in
the discipline. The management program is
designed to prepare the student for an entry
level managerial position in an organization or
for graduate school. The ultimate goal of the
program is to prepare students for responsible
management and leadership positions in busi-
ness and society, both domestic and inter-
national.

The management program is designed to meet
the needs of three categories of students:
undergraduate majors in management, minors
in management, and dual majors; and to in-
tegrate the general education and liberal arts
emphasis throughout the four-year program of
instruction. The course sequence for a major
in management is as follows:

Freshmen

CSN 143M Introduction to Computer

Science or

MNB 210 Computer Applications

BEB 160M Statistics
or

MNB/MAN 120 Quantitative Methods
(prerequisite: two years of high school
algebra with no less than a B grade for
both years, or college algebra with no
less than a C grade)

Freshmen or Sophomores

MNB 272 Management Information
Systems

(prerequisites: CSN 143M preferred, or

MNB 210)

Sophomores

MNB 271 Principles of Accounting I
ECB 281S Microeconomics
ECB 282S Macroeconomics

(Micro and Macro may be taken in any

sequence)

Juniors

MNB 278 Business Law

MNB 368 Managerial Enterprise

(prerequisite: MNB 278 and Junior or

Senior)
MNB 369 Principles of Marketing

(Junior or Senior)
MNB 371 Organizational Behavior and
Leadership

(prerequisites: BEB 160M and SLB 101S

orPSB 101S)
MNB 376 Personnel Management

(Junior or Senior)
MNB 377 Introduction to Business Finance

or
MNB 378 Investment Finance

(prerequisites: MNB 271 and two of

ECB 281S, ECB 282S, MNB 368)

Juniors or Seniors

MNB 310 Operations Management

(prerequisites: MNB/MAN 120 and
Junior, or instructor's permission)

Seniors

MNB 498 Business Policy and Strategic
Management

(comprehensive in management, final
semester of Senior year)

(Students may petition for enrollment
if enrolled in no more than two 300-
level courses)
MNB 410 Senior Seminar: Issues in Man-
agement

Management

Management majors are required to complete
each course with a grade of C or better. To
pregress in sequence, and to receive credit for
core courses in which the student has received
a D grade, a petition must be submitted and
approved by the discipline coordinator.

Students must also meet all general education
requirements to graduate.

At Eckerd College, the practice of manage-
ment is viewed as a liberal art. The manage-
ment program stresses developing ideas, pro-
blem solving, and communicating solutions
rather than the routine and mechanical appli-
cation of knowledge and skills. The management
program emphasizes critical thinking, effective
writing, asking probing questions, formulating
solutions to complex problems, and assessing
ethical implications of decisions.

The management faculty has identified a set
of interdisciplinary management skills or com-
petencies that students need to acquire but
which do not fit neatly into the boundaries of
the core management requirements described
above. These skills build upon related com-
petencies which students acquire in the gen-
eral education program. These are: critical
thinking, decision making and problem solving,
negotiating and resolving conflicts, systemic
thinking, information processing, entrepre-
neurship, introspection, cross-cultural skills
and international perspectives, communication,
and computer skills. As part of the liberal arts
emphasis, the management discipline addres-
ses individual and societal values as a com-
ponent of each course in the program.

In addition to these liberal arts-related com-
petencies, students in the management program
also develop the following management com-
petencies which build upon the general educa-
tion program:

— management under uncertain conditions in-
cluding policy determination at the senior
management level.

— production and marketing of goods and
services and financing the organization.

— knowledge of the economics of the organiza-
tion and of the larger environment within
which the organization operates.

— knowledge of the legal environment of
organizations along with the ethical issues
and social and political influences on organi-
zations.

— concepts of accounting, quantitative meth-
ods, and management information systems

including computer applications.

— organizational behavior, interpersonal com-
munications, and personnel/human resource
management theory and practice.

A minor in management consists of the follow-
ing five courses: either Computers and MIS or
Introduction to Computer Science, Managerial
Enterprise, Principles of Marketing, Organi-
zational Behavior, and either Principles of
Accounting or Finance. Effective for all stu-
dents entering Eckerd College during or after
fall semester 1992, all management minors are
required to complete each course with a grade
of C or better. To progress in sequence, and to
receive credit for core courses in which the
student has received a D grade, a petition
must be submitted and approved by the dis-
cipline coordinator.

MNB/MAN 120 Quantitative Methods

For description see Mathematics.

MNB/CSN 202 Cobol Programming
For description see Computer Science.

MNB 210 Computer Applications

For students with minimal experience with
computers not planning a computer science
major or information systems concentration.
Major concepts, word processing, spreadsheet,
data base, networking software, BASIC pro-
gramming, consideration of ethical issues.

MNB/PLL 242S Ethics in Management:
Theory and Practice

Ethical theories as they relate to personal and
organizational decisions, policies and actions.
Analyzing situations which require moral de-
cisions in the organizational context. Sopho-
more or higher standing.

MNB/SLB 251 Work and Occupations

Theories and research explaining occupational
choice and socialization, labor market seg-
ments, inter and intragenerational career
mobility, professionalization, deprofessional-
ization, future trends in occupation.

Management

MNB/SLB 252 Evaluation Research

Develop and implement research designs to
assess goal achievement, effectiveness and
efficiency of programmatic innovations. The
organizational context in which evaluation
occurs. Prerequisites: SLB 101S orPSB 101S
and BEB 160M or MNB 37 1, or permission of
instructor.

MNB/ANC/IBC 260 The Cultural Environ-
ment of International Business

MNB/ANC/IBC 261 International
Management

For descriptions see Anthropology.

MNB 271 Principles of Accounting I

Accounting principles used in the preparation
and analysis of financial statements, accumu-
lation of business operating data and its clas-
sification for financial reporting. Balance sheets
and income statements.

MNB 272 Management Information
Systems

Decisions that must be made by managers
pertaining to computers and information sys-
tems. Computer terminology, hardware and
programming, selecting computer and data
base systems, etc. Prerequisite: CSN 143M
(preferred) or MNB 210.

MNB 273 Life Career and Personal
Financial Planning

Integration of life's values and goals into career
objectives in order to develop a personal finan-
cial plan to increase one's quality of life. Of
special interest to non-management majors.

MNB 275S The Sex-Role Revolution in
Management

Issues related to the history, problems and
prospects of women in management. The
impact of the sex-role revolution on women
and men in corporations (the course is not for
women only).

MNB 278 Business Law

Principles, rationale and application of busi-
ness law and regulations. Contracts, Uniform
Commercial Code, creditors' rights, labor,
torts and property, judicial and administra-
tive processes.

MNB 310 Operations Management

Concepts and applications in service and
manufacturing sectors of global economy.
Forecasting, product and process decisions,
capacity planning, facility location and layout,
project management and operations schedul-
ing, inventory planning and control, quality
control. Prerequisite: MNB/MAN 120 and
Junior standing, or instructor's permission.

MNB 32 IS Consumer Behavior and
Consumerism

Contributions of the behavioral disciplines
(psychology, sociology, anthropology) to un-
derstanding the consumer decision-making
process. The impact and value issues of the
consumer movement.

MNB/SLB 345 Complex Organizations

Sources, degrees and consequences of bu-
reaucratization in a wide range of social organi-
zations such as work, church, military, schools,
hospitals. Prerequisites: SLB 101S or PBS
10 IS and BEB 160M or MNB 371, or permis-
sion of instructor.

MNB/CSN 360 Database System
For description see Computer Science.

MNB 361 Business History

The growth of managerial enterprise from
Colonial to modern times, its origins and devel-
opment and the individuals important in its
evolution. Prerequisites: MNB 368 and one
course in American history. For Juniors and
Seniors only.

MNB 368 The Managerial Enterprise

Concepts, theories and management styles of
contemporary managers. Communication,
motivation, planning, directing, controlling,
organizing. Prerequisite: MNB 278 and Junior
or Senior standing.

MNB 369 Principles of Marketing

Principles, problems and methods in distribut-
ing and marketing goods and services. Pre-
requisite: Junior or Senior standing.

MNB/ECB 370 Industry, Labor and
Government

For description see Economics.

Management

MNB/SLB 371 Organizational Behavior
and Leadership

Major factors affecting behavior in organiza-
tions. Motivation, group and team dynamics,
macroorganizational factors, leadership. Pre-
requisite: BEB 160M and SLB 101S orPSB
101S.

MNB 372 Principles of Accounting II

The information utilized by operating man-
agement in decision making: determination of
product cost and profitability, budgeting, pro-
fit planning, utilization of standard cost and
financial statement analysis. Prerequisite:
MNB 271.

MNB 373 Marketing Communications

Processes and functions of promotion, stra-
tegies incorporating creative use of advertising,
publicity, merchandising, direct selling, and
sales promotion. Prerequisite: MNB 369.

MNB 374 Market Intelligence

Collection and measurement of data on market
identification, sales forecasting and marketing
strategy development. Market research, cost/
revenue breakdowns, competitive analysis,
others. Prerequisite: MNB 369, BEB 160M.

MNB 375 Marketing Channels and
Logistics

Comparative marketing methods. Distributing
products to consumers with optimal efficiency
and economy. Prerequisite: MNB 369.

MNB 376 Personnel Management

Theory and practices of personnel and human
resources management in organizations, in-
cluding job definition, staffing, training and
development, compensation and benefits,
labor relations, environmental analysis and
human resource planning and controlling. Pre-
requisite: Junior or Senior standing.

MNB 377 Introduction to Business
Finance

A survey of financial markets and institutions
in both the public and private sectors and their
impact on society. Prerequisites: MNB 271
and two of MNB 368, ECB 281S, ECB 282S.

MNB 378 Investment Finance

Exploration of financial operations in the
investment world with emphasis on the private
sector. Prerequisites: MNB 271 and two of
MNB 368, ECB 281S, ECB282S.

MNB 379 Retail Organization and
Management

Retail merchandising, promotions, physical
facilities, personnel, planning, pricing, legal-
ities, research techniques, store images, mar-
ket targets. Prerequisite: MNB 369.

MNB 380 Professional Salesmanship

Communication skills, buyer's motivations,
individual demonstrations of the basic steps
to selling, illustrating how selling is a catalyst
for the entire economy and for society in general.
Prerequisite: MNB 369.

MNB/ECB 383 Marine Resource Policy

MNB/ECB 384 Managerial Economics

MNB/ECB 386 Money, Banking and
Financial Institutions

For descriptions see Economics.

MNB 396/496 Personnel Planning and
Industry Research I, II

Theory and practice of personnel and human
resources management (PHRM) planning and
applied research in organizations. Students
participate in ongoing industry research pro-
jects of the Human Resource Institute (e.g.,
personnel strategic planning, environmental
scanning for personnel functions such as re-
cruitment and training). Prerequisite: MNB
376 and permission of instructor.

MNB/SLB 405 Human Ecology

Interaction of human communities such as
organizations, cities, neighborhoods and in-
dustries with their social and physical environ-
ment. Prerequisities: SLB lOlSorPSB 101S,
MNB 371 and BEB 160M or permission of
instructor.

MNB 410 Issues in Management

Senior seminar for management majors. Week-
ly sessions with practicing executives on gen-
eral management topics. Outside research.

Marine Science

MNB/SLB 451 Technology and Society

Interdependent relationship of technological
innovation, adoption, adaptation and diffusion
to social change. Evolution of modes of pro-
duction and service delivery, organizational
structure and functioning. Prerequisites: BEB
160M and SLB 101S or PSB 101S, or per-
mission of instructor.

MNB/SLB 472 Organizational Dynamics

The management of organizational change
through the use of social science knowledge.
For management, sociology and psychology
majors interested in organizational or applied
sociology, industrial psychology or manage-
ment consulting. Prerequisite: BEB 160M and
SLB lOlSorPSB 101S.

MNB 475 Investment Analysis

Advanced investment course focusing on in-
depth analysis of specific investment alterna-
tives using the computer and other sophisti-
cated techniques. Prerequisites: MNB 377 or
378.

MNB 477 Entrepreneurship

Study of talents, qualities, values and expertise
necessary to conduct profit and non-profit
ventures contributing to society. Entrepre-
neurial project. Prerequisites: MNB 278, 368,
369 and 377 or 378. MNB 498 may be taken
concurrently.

MNB 479 Corporate Finance

An advanced finance course dealing with
foundations of financial management used in
organization decision making. Prerequisites:
MNB 272, 377 or 378.

MNB 480 Proctoring in Management

For Senior management majors, leadership
experience as group trainers using study groups
from the Managerial Enterprise course. Per-
mission of instructor required.

MNB/SLB 482 Proctoring in Organization
Behavior

Practical leadership, group consultation and
facilitation experience using groups from the
Organizational Behavior and Leadership
course. For management, human development,
personnel and human resource management,
applied psychology and sociology majors. Pre-
requisites: MNB 371 with a B or better, and
permission of instructor.

MNB/IBC 485 International Marketing

MNB/IBC 486 International Finance and
Banking

For description see International Business.

MNB 496 Personnel Planning and
Industry Research II

For description see MNB 396.

MNB 498 Business Policy and
Strategic Management

Comprehensive examination requirement for
management majors. Practicum in general
management. Prerequisite: final semester of
Senior year. Students may petition for enroll-
ment if they are enrolled in no more than two
300-level courses.

MARINE SCIENCE

The marine science major provides both an
integrative science background and specialized
foundation work especially suitable for stu-
dents planning professional careers in marine
fields.

Required for a B.S. are: Marine Geology,
Chemistry I and II, Calculus I, Fundamental
Physics I and II, Descriptive Physical Ocean-
ography, and Chemical Oceanography. In ad-
dition, the specified courses in one of the fol-
lowing tracks must be included: Marine Bio-
logy — Marine and Freshwater Botany, Marine
Invertebrate Biology, Cell Biology, Principles
of Ecology, Genetics, Physiology, Statistics
and an approved mathematics course. Marine
Chemistry — Organic Chemistry I and II,
Analytical Chemistry, Introduction to Marine
Biology or Marine Invertebrate Biology, Phy-
sical Chemistry I, Experimental Chemistry I,
Calculus II and Marine Geochemistry. Marine

Marine Science

Geophysics — Introduction to Marine Biology
of Marine Invertebrate Biology, Introduction
to Geology, Calculus II and III, Differential
Equations, Classical Mechanics, Exploration
Geophysics, and Solid Earth Geophysics.

Marine science majors are urged to incorporate
Sea Semester into their Junior or Senior year,
or participate in an alternative field experience,
possibly during winter term.

Students who major in the marine science bio-
logy track may not also major in biology.

Students who complete any track of the marine
science major demonstrate the following com-
petencies:

— fundamental concepts of biology, chemistry,
and physical oceanography and marine
geology.

— research methods employed by oceanogra-
phers, and history of oceanographic explor-
ation and research.

— ability to synthesize information from the
various marine science disciplines.

— ability to write and speak well, and discuss
creative approaches to research questions.

— ability to understand the nature of values-
oriented questions associated with either
human use of marine resources or human
activities in general.

— ability to utilize library resources effectively.

A minor in marine science consists of five
courses approved for marine science, including
at least one from each defined track. These
must not duplicate those used by students to
satisfy major requirements.

MSN 119E Introduction to Oceanography

For both science and non-science students.
Biological interactions in oceans and how they
are affected by physical, chemical and geolog-
ical forces. Laboratory and field exercises.

MSN 185 Introduction to Marine Biology

Physiological and ecological processes neces-
sary for life in a marine habitat. Introduction to
cellular, organismal and community levels bio-
logical organization and diversity.

MSN/BIN 188 Marine and Freshwater
Botany

MSN/BIN 189 Marine Invertebrate
Biology

For descriptions see Biology.

MSN 207E Introduction to Geology

Mineralogy, crustal movements, volcanism,
ground and surface water, glaciation; history
of the earth, its inhabitants and surface fea-
tures.

MSN 208E Environmental Geology

Geological hazards and our use and abuse of
the earth. Methods of preservation, conser-
vation and sustained yield.

MSN 242 Marine Geology

Geological history of the oceanic environment.
Marine geological and geophysical exploration
techniques. Provides complete introduction
to geological oceanography.

MSN 301 Chemical Oceanography

Major, minor and micronutrient elements and
dissolved gasses, dissolved and particulate
organic compounds in seawater; formation of
deep-sea sediments and the geochemistry of
sediments. The ocean as a chemically unified
system embracing the hydrosphere, biosphere
and geosphere. Prerequisites: CHN 121 and
122.

MSN/BIN 302 The Biology of Fishes

For description see Biology.

MSN 303 Exploration Geophysics

A laboratory course in theory, methods and
applications; computer methods and geolog-
ical applications emphasized. Prerequisites:
MAN 132 and MSN 207E or 242.

MSN 305 Marine Stratigraphy and
Sedimentation

Facies and basin analysis, sedimentary tec-
tonics. Interpretation of clastic and chemical
sedimentary rocks to infer processes, environ-
ments, and tectonic settings in the marine en-
vironment. Prerequisite: MSN 207E or 242.

MSN 307 Marine Geochemistry

Sources of pollutants and products of erosion
in the sea, processes of removal, radiometric
dating of sediments, porewater chemistry and
sediment diagnosis. Practical field and lab
techniques. Prerequisites: CHN 121 and
122.

Mathematics

MSN 308E Introductory Meteorology

The origin of the atmosphere, the scientific
principles underlying weather patterns, and
everyday phenomena such as cloud forma-
tions, rainbows, mirages and halos. Weather
folklore and allusions in literature, and the
effect of weather on history.

MSN 309 Principles of Hydrology

The study of water: how rivers function, how
water moves through the ground, pollution of
water and other problems. Laboratory involv-
ing data collection, interpretation, computer
work, field trips. Prerequisite: PHN 241 or
permission of instructor.

MSN/BIN 311 Marine Mammology

For description see Biology.

MSN 342 Descriptive Physical
Oceanography

Physical properties of seawater, distributions
of water characteristics in the oceans, water,
salt and heat budgets, circulation and water
masses, waves and tides, coastal oceanogra-
phy. Prerequisite: PHN 241 or permission of
instructor.

MSN/BIN 402 Marine Ecology

For description see Biology.

MSN 404 Structural Geology

Folding and faulting, stress and strain, elas-
ticity, flexture, heat transfer, and rheology of
rocks. Prerequisites: MAN 132 and MSN 207E
or 242.

MATHEMATICS

The basic requirement for either the B.A. or
B.S. degree is the completion of eight math-
ematics courses numbered above MAN 233
with a grade of at least C. Independent study
courses in special topics in mathematics also
may be used in satisfying this requirement.
This wide flexibility permits a program of study
to be tailored to the individual student's in-
terests. The Mathematical Sciences Seminar
is required in the Junior and Senior years. All
mathematics courses taken are applicable to
the collegial requirement of 12 natural science
courses for the B.A. degree, and 16 natural
science courses for the B.S. degree.

Placement level in mathematics is determined
by evaluation of a student's high school math-
ematics courses.

The course requirements for the mathematics
major (B.A. or B.S.) form a sequence consisting
of Calculus I, Calculus II, and eight math-
ematics courses numbered above MAN 233.

Students majoring in mathematics acquire
knowledge of the basic definitions, axioms and
theorems of mathematical systems. They are
expected to apply mathematical reasoning to
solve problems and to develop proficiency in
computation. Achievement of the required
competencies are demonstrated by successful
completion of a Senior comprehensive examin-
ation or Senior thesis and by successful com-
pletion of eight mathematics courses numbered
above MAN 233.

A minor in mathematics requires completion
of five mathematics courses with a grade of at
least C of which at least three are numbered
above MAN 233.

MSN 408/NAN 410 Marine Science
Seminar

Topical problems in all disciplines of marine
science. Junior and Senior marine science
majors participate for one course credit.
Sophomores are invited to attend.

NAN 410 Senior Seminar in the Natural
Sciences

For description see Senior Seminars.

For other courses meeting marine science
requirements, see Biology, Chemistry,
Mathematics, Physics, Statistics, and Sea
Semester.

MAN 10 1M College Algebra

Polynomial algebraic and rational functions
and their properties. Analytical geometry/
sketching graphs, zeros of functions, mathe-
matical induction, equations and inequalities.

MAN 102M Philosophy of Mathematics

The intellectual development of mathematical
thought. Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy, Newton,
Einstein and others studied in a historical and
philosophical context. Some computing re-
quired but skill or knowledge in a programming
language not needed.

Mathematics

MAN 103M Trigonometry

Functions and their graphs: inverses, expo-
nential and logarithmic functions, proving
identities, solving equations and developing
complex numbers. Prerequisite: MAN 101M
or two years of high school algebra.

MAN 104M Survey of Mathematics

Applications of mathematics to real problems:
graphing, equations and inequalities, proba-
bility, statistics, consumer mathematics, use
of computer. Students use calculators.

MAN 105M Precalculus Mathematics

A combination of college algebra and trigo-
nometry to the depth necessary for the study
of calculus. Use of calculators is expected.

MAN/MNB 120 Quantitative Methods

A variety of mathematical tools are studied
which are useful in helping managers and econ-
omists make decisions. Prerequisite: MAN
105M or placement at the H level and MAN
133orBES 160M.

MAN 131M Calculus I

First in two course sequence. Applications to
physical sciences and economics. Prerequisite:
placement at the H level.

MAN 132 Calculus II

Continuation of Calculus I. Exponential, loga-
rithmic and trigonometric functions, formal
intergration techniques and applications.
Taylor polynomials and infinite series. Pre-
requisite: MAN 121M or MAN 131M.

MAN 133 Statistics, an Introduction

Probability and statistics, and their uses in the
natural sciences. Prerequisite: MAN 121M or
MAN 131M. Credit will be given for only one
of MAN 133 or BEB 160M, but not both.

MAN 143 Discrete Mathematics

Algorithms, induction, graphs, digraphs, per-
mutations, combinations; introduction to
probability, logic, Boolean algebra, differential
equations. Emphasis on discrete rather than
continuous aspects. Prerequisite: MAN 12 1M
or MAN 131M.

MAN 233 Calculus III

Three-dimensional analytic geometry, partial
and directional derivatives, extrema of functions
of several variables, multiple integrals. Pre-
requisite: MAN 132.

MAN 234 Differential Equations

Existence and uniqueness theorem, linear
differential equations of second or higher
orders, Frobenius and Laplace methods, nu-
merical methods for solving differential equa-
tions. Prerequisite: MAN 132.

MAN 236 Linear Algebra

Vector spaces, linear transformations, ma-
trices, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and system
of linear equations. Prerequisites: MAN 13 1M
and permission of instructor, or MAN 132.

MAN 237 Introduction to Mathematical
Thinking

For students from any field that requires
abstract mathematical content. Reasoning,
exposition, writing and understanding mathe-
matical proof, propositional and predicate
calculus, relations, functions, construction and
properties of number systems. Prerequisite:
MAN 132 or 143.

MAN 238 Optimization Techniques

Maximization and minimization with and with-
out constraints; introduction to linear and non-
linear programming. Prerequisite: MAN 233
or 236 and permission of instructor.

MAN 333 Probability and Statistics I

Probability theory, random variables and
sampling, distribution functions, point and
interval estimation, regression theory, non-
parametric tests and mathematical develop-
ment of topics. Prerequisite: MAN 233 or per-
mission of instructor. Offered alternate years.

MAN 334 Probability and Statistics II

Continuation of MAN 333, which is prereq-
uisite. Offered alternate years.

MAN 335 Abstract Algebra I

Two-course sequence. Integers, groups, rings,
integral domains, vector spaces, development
of fields. Prerequisite: MAN 132 or 236. Of-
fered alternate years.

Medical Technology

MAN 336 Abstract Algebra II

Continuation of MAN 335, which is prereq-
uisite. Offered alternate years.

MAN 337 Foundations of Geometry

Euclidian and non-Euclidian geometry with
axiomatic approach. Appropriate for prospec-
tive teachers. Prerequisite: MAN 132 or per-
mission of instructor.

MAN 338 Graph Theory

Gives students a better ability for proving
theorems, solving problems using graphs, and
a foundation for those wanting to continue in
graduate work in computer science or applied
mathematics. Prerequisite: MAN 236.

MAN 339 Combinatorial Mathematics

Topics fundamental to applied mathematics
that deal with finite or discrete sets. Prereq-
uisite: MAN 132.

MAN 340 Dynamical Systems

An introduction to dynamical systems, chaos
and fractals. Dynamic modelling, stability
analysis, bifurcation theory, strange attractors,
self-similarity, integrated function systems. Pre-
requisite: MAN 234 or permission of instructor.

MAN/CSN 341 Numerical Analysis

Students are assumed to know a high-level pro-
gramming language. Methods for solving equa-
tions, linear difference equations, the use of
interpolating polynomials, numerical integration
and differentiation, and numerical solutions of
differential equations. Prerequisite: MAN 233
or permission of instructor.

MAN 351 Fourier Analysis

For students in the mathematical and physical
sciences. Hands-on simulation and analysis of a
variety of physical phenomena, using the Fourier
software package. Prerequisite: MAN 234.

NAN 410 Senior Seminar in the Natural
Sciences

For description see Senior Seminars and

NAN 438.

MAN 411 Introduction to Topology

Introduction to point-set topology emphasizing
connectedness, compactness, separation pro-
perties, continuity, homeomorphisms and
metric and Euclidean spaces. Prerequisite:
MAN 233 or consent of instructor.

MAN 421 Partial Differential Equations

Selected topics in boundary value problems
and partial differential equations. Prerequisite:
MAN 234.

MAN 433 Real Analysis I

First in two-course sequence. The real num-
bers as a complete ordered field, derivatives,
Riemann integrals, Euclidean n-space, partial
derivatives, vector-valued functions of vector
variables, multiple, infinite, line and surface
integrals, infinite series, Green's and Stoke's
theorems. Prerequisite: MAN 233. Offered in
alternate years.

MAN 434 Real Analysis II

Continuation of MAN 433, which is prereq-
uisite. Offered alternate years.

NAN 438/410 Mathematical Sciences
Seminar (2-year sequence)

Required of all Juniors and Seniors majoringin
physics and mathematics. Application of the
mathematical sciences with historical and cul-
tural questions included.

MAN 499 Independent Research —
Thesis

Senior mathematics majors may, upon invi-
tation of the mathematics faculty, do research
and write a thesis under the direction of a
member of that faculty.

See also Computer Science.
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

The Medical Technology program offers stu-
dents a B.S. or B.A. degree by .completing
three years of general studies here and a fourth
year of professional coursework at a hospital
which has been approved by the Council on
Medical Education of The American Medical
Association.

The general studies program at Eckerd College
must include a minimum of eleven courses in
the Natural Sciences which are required for cer-

Modern Languages

tification: four courses in biology (including
microbiology and immunology); four courses
in chemistry (including organic), one course in
mathematics (normally calculus), and two
courses in physics. Completion of the all-
college general education requirements is
expected of all graduates. Senior general edu-
cation courses should be taken in advance.

The professional coursework taken during the
Senior year requires that the student spend 1 2
months in training at a certified hospital to
which he/she has gained admission. For most
Eckerd students, this is Bayfront Medical Cen-
ter. The student receives college credit for the
laboratory courses taken in that clinical setting.
The baccalaureate is awarded on successful
completion of this coursework with a major in
interdisciplinary science.

In addition, the student receives certification
by the American Society of Clinical Pathol-
ogists (ASCP) after passing an official exam-
ination. Supervision of clinical coursework
during the Senior year is carried out by a Pro-
gram Director (an M.D. certified in clinical
pathology by the American Board of Pathology)
and an Educational Coordinator (a medical
technologist certified by the Registry of Medical
Technologists).

METEOROLOGY

For description see Marine Science.

MODERN LANGUAGES

Students may pursue a language major in
French, German or Spanish, a major in Russian
Studies, or a major in Modern Language.
Course work is also available in Italian and
Japanese.

Language majors must take at least eight
courses beyond the elementary level. A lang-
uage major is required to speak the language
well enough to be rated at an Intermediate -
High level of proficiency as defined by the
American Council of the Teaching of Foreign
Languages. Because of the proficiency expec-
tation, language majors are urged to spend no
less than a term studying abroad, usually during
the Junior year unless, prior equivalency is
verified. The College maintains a variety of
programs to help meet this requirement. In
addition, all majors in this field of study are
expected to have tested knowledge in cultural,
historical and literary understanding. All stu-

dents must successfully pass either a compre-
hensive examination or write a Senior thesis,
the latter by invitation of the language faculty.
Students are advised to take various other
courses in accordance with their interests and
career goals. Four courses beyong the third
year level must pertain directly to the language,
literature and culture.

Majors in modern languages often go on to
careers in education, government, journalism,
business, or to graduate school.

Minors are available in French, German,
Spanish or Russian Studies. A minor consists
of five courses above the elementary level.

Advanced elementary language courses are
numbered 111 in the schedule of courses.

FRENCH

FRC 101/2 Elementary French I, II

Introduction to French for students with little
or no training in the language. Three classes
and two laboratory sessions per week.

FRC 201 Intermediate French I

Developing oral and written control of French.
Grammar, conversations and readings in
French. Prerequisite: FRC 102 or three years
of high school French.

FRC 202C Intermediate French II

Integrated approach to French language, cul-
ture and literature. Oral presentations, discus-
sion of comtemporary French issues, weekly
written reports and compositions. Grammar
review, aural comprehension exercises weekly.
Prerequisite: FRC 201 or equivalent.

FRC 301 A Introduction to Literary
Analysis

Reading and discussing modern French writers,
including drama, fiction and poetry. Grammar
review, vocabulary development. Classes in
French, essay exams in English, laboratory
work. Prerequisite: FRC 202 or equivalent.

FRC 302 Advanced Composition and
Conversation

A refinement of student mastery of structure
and vocabulary, with emphasis on the ability
to communicate both orally and in writing.
Laboratory work as needed. Prerequisite: FRC
202 or equivalent.

German

FRC 303 History of French Civilization

Readings, lectures and discussions in French
from the Gallic nation and its conquest by
Rome to the defeats and victories of French
culture during our century. Prerequisite: FRC
202 or equivalent.

FRC 304 French Theatre on Stage

Practice understanding, learning and reciting
passages in plays from 1 7 th century to modern
works, to improve oral communication skills in
French. Prerequisite: FRC 202 or equivalent.

FRC 401 French Literature in Formation

From the emergence of the French language in
the middle ages to the splendid epoch of French
Classicism, exploring how a theme, topic or
genre emerged as a powerful influence in
France's later literary tradition. Prerequisite:
two 300 level courses.

FRC 402 Enlightenment and Revolution

Authors who formed attitudes about the right-
ful place of "man" in the world, decried super-
stition and violence, or undermined authority
throughout the 18th century and beyond the
Revolution into the 19th. Prerequisite: two
300 level courses.

FRC 403 Topics in Modern French Liter-
ature

One or possibly two limited topics in this broad
area each semester. Prerequisite: FRC 301 or
303 or equivalent.

FRC 404 Themes in French Literature

Discover, analyze and discuss various aspects
of French literature, with unifying motifs. Pre-
requisite: two 300 level courses.

FRC 405 Commercial French

Learn the style and vocabulary specific to
French business. Basic workings of the French
economy, and business terms. Prerequisite:
two 300 level courses.

Semester Abroad in France
See International Education.

GERMAN

GRC 101/2 Elementary German I, II

Language through videos and supplemental
reading. Method appropriate to need, pattern-
ing and grammatical analysis. Will enable stu-
dents to function in German- speaking country.
Prerequisite: GRC 102 or equivalent for 101.

GRC 201/2 Intermediate German I, II

Review of grammar; short stories and cultural
films. Introduction to German culture and
native language models. Class discussions in
German. Prerequisites: GRC 102 for 201; 201
for 202.

GRC 250/1 (Directed Study) Grammar
Review/Intermediate German I, II

Programmed courses allow student with lan-
guage aptitude to move at own pace. Grammar,
speech, texts and tapes.

GRC 301/2 Introduction to German
Literature and Life I, II

Contemporary German literature and life.
Readings chosen according to student ability
and interest. Modern fiction and magazines.
Prerequisite: GRC 202 or equivalent.

GRC/LIC 304 Novels of Hermann Hesse
(Directed Study available)

Hesse's novels in chronological order, tracing
the development of the man and his writings
from poetic realism to impressionism. Offered
in German and in translation. Prerequisite:
none in translation; advanced standing in
German.

GRC 311 Advanced German Composition
and Conversation

Student participation in teaching theoretical
and practical aspects of grammar. Topical
discussions and written assignments in the
language.

GRC 331/332 Special Topics in German

Projects based upon current needs and inter-
ests of students and offered at the discretion
of the German faculty.

Spanish

GRC/LIC 351 Life and Works of Franz
Kafka (Directed Study available)

Major short stories, three novels, two volumes
of diaries of Franz Kafka may be taken in
either German or English. Prerequisite: none
in English; advanced standing in German.

GRC 401/2 The German Novel I, II

A study of the most representative novelists
from Goethe to the present. Includes Thomas
Mann, Hermann Hesse, and the writers of pres-
ent day Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.

GRC 403/4 German Drama I, II

German drama from Goethe to the present.
Particular emphasis on drama of the 19th
century and the present.

GRC 441/2 Seminar in German I, II

Included are such topics as Goethe's Faust,
German poetry, the German novelle, history of
the German language, independent readings.
For Seniors.

Semester Abroad in Germany
See International Education.

ITALIAN

ITC 101/102 Elementary Italian I, II

Intensive practice in speaking, listening com-
prehension, reading, writing and grammar.
Prerequisite for 102 is 101 or permission of
the instructor.

ITC 201/202 Intermediate Italian I, II

Prerequisite: ITC 102 or equivalent.

JAPANESE

JAC 101/102 Elementary Japanese I, II

(Offered in the fall only)

JAC 201/202 Intermediate Japanese I, II

(Offered in the spring only)

Dialogues in Japanese, Romanized Japanese,
and English supplemented by grammar and
usage drills. Practice in both speaking and
reading. Second and third levels taught as di-
rected studies.

Year Abroad in Japan

See International Education.

MODERN LANGUAGE MAJOR

See after Spanish.

RUSSIAN

See Russian Studies.

SPANISH

SPC 101/2 Elementary Spanish I, II

Intensive drill in understanding, speaking and
writing Spanish. Prerequisite for SPC 102 is
101 or permission of instructor.

SPC 201 Intermediate Spanish I

Continuation of SPC 101/2, with all work in
Spanish. Prerequisite: SPC 101/2 orthe equiva-
lent, or permission of instructor.

SPC 202C Intermediate Spanish II

Literature as a vehicle for cultural understand-
ing, speaking, reading and writing Spanish. All
work in Spanish. Prerequisite: SPC 201 orthe
equivalent.

SPC 301 A Introduction to Spanish
Literature

Representative Spanish writers from all per-
iods and genres of literature. Prerequisite:
third-year proficiency in Spanish.

SPC 302A Survey of Spanish American
Literature

Work of Spanish American authors with em-
phasis on 19th and 20th centuries. Prereq-
uisite: third-year proficiency in Spanish.

SPC 306 Advanced Spanish Grammar and
Conversation

Intense practice in speaking through discussion
and oral reporting focusing on contemporary
issues. Expand and develop vocabulary. Pre-
requisite: SPC 202 or permission of instructor.

SPC 307 Advanced Spanish Grammar and
Composition

For students to develop and perfect writing
skills, particularly those minoring or majoring
in the language who also need to fulfill an
extensive language requirement, such as inter-
national business or international studies.

Music

SPC 401 The Modern Spanish Novel
(Directed Study available)

Major novels of Spanish writers from Gener-
acion del '98 to the present. Prerequisite: SPC
302 or permission of instructor.

SPC 402 Spanish American Novel
(Directed Study available)

Selected works by Spanish American novelists
chronologically to give clear understanding of
developments in the New World. Prerequisite:
SPC 302 or permission of instructor.

SPC 403 Modern Spanish Drama

Works of best modern playwrights from Bena-
vente to the present. Prerequisite: SPC 302 or
permission of instructor.

SPC 404 Spanish Golden Age Literature

Reading and analyzing the most representa-
tive authors of the period, with all work in
Spanish. Prerequisite: SPC 302 or permission
of instructor.

SPC 405 Cervantes

The life and works of Cervantes with critical
analysis of Don Quixote. All work in Spanish.
Prerequisite: SPC 302 or permission of in-
structor.

SPC 408 New Spanish American Narrative

Understanding the social message and aesthe-
tic innovations such as "realismo magico"
in works of prominent contemporary Spanish
American writers such as Lloso, Marquez and
Fuentes. All work in Spanish. Prerequisite:
SPC 302 or permission of instructor.

SPC 409 Spanish for Business

Oral and written skills. Cross-cultural com-
munication between North America and Span-
ish-speaking world. Forms, styles, usages,
procedures in commercial communication.
Prerequisite: SPC 302 or permission of in-
structor.

Semester Abroad in Spain
See International Education.

MODERN LANGUAGE MAJOR

A major in modern languages consists of a
minimum of eight courses above the elemen-
tary level in a primary language, with a Senior
thesis or comprehensive exam in that lan-
guage, plus four courses in a secondary lan-
guage above the elementary level, as deter-
mined by the individual disciplines. The over-
all comprehensive exam will include the
secondary language. The examining committee
will consist of professors of both languages,
and the proficiencies examined on the courses
taken will be: understanding, speaking, reading
and writing. See further under Modern
Languages. It is strongly recommended that
students include elective courses that are re-
lated to the languages pursued. A minimum of
one month of residence abroad in the environ-
ment of the primary foreign language is advised.

MUSIC

The major in music consists of Comprehen-
sive Musicanship courses I-A and I-B, II, III,
IV, V and VI, plus two additional music courses.
In addition, a student must be enrolled for one
hour per week in applied music instruction
and one of the discipline's ensemble programs
during each term of residency. Students may
waive the CM I-A requirement through testing.
Students may waive CM I-B similarly but must
substitute for it an additional elective in their
major program.

The curriculum over four years includes private
instruction on an instrument or voice, partici-
pation in choral or instrumental ensembles, at
least two electives in areas of special interest,
plus a sequence of comprehensive musician-
ship courses beginning with the principles and
applications of tonal harmony and progressing
to the techniques and creative problems of our
own time. Because students may not necessarily
take CM II- VI in sequence, assignments are
individually tailored requiring over time more
sophisticated analysis, more use of primary
sources in music history, more application of
materials from fields outside of music, and
more use of computers.

Specific curricular requirements are: Com-
prehensive Musicianship sequence: MUA 145,
MUA 146, MUA 242, MUA 341, MUA 342,
MUA 443, MUA 444; Music performance
sequence: MUA 442 plus either MUA 245 or
MUA 246 every semester of enrollment as a
declared major; electives: any two courses

Music

offered through the music discipline; and com-
prehensive examination or thesis at the in-
vitation of the faculty.

The major in music emphasizes both academic
and performance aspects of music. Seniors
demonstrate their abilities as music scholars
in a comprehensive examination or thesis re-
quiring score and listening analysis as well as
knowledge of period intellectual history, per-
formance practices, compositional techniques
and repertoire. They demonstrate their tech-
nical and interpretive or creative skills in a
Senior recital or other performance.

The minor in music consists of a minimum of 5
courses: CM I-A, CM I-B, two other CM
courses and one performance course. With
music faculty approval, a 300 or 400 level
music elective may substitute for one of the
upper level CM courses. The performance
course may be either Applied Music, an En-
semble course or a combination of the two for
one semester each. While continued participa-
tion is encouraged, only one performance course
will be credited toward the minor in music.

MUA 145 Comprehensive Musicianship
I-A

Tonal harmony, part-writing skills, primary
triads and inversions, non-harmonic tones,
sight singing, keyboard harmony. Four sem-
ester hours of credit.

MUA 146 Comprehensive Musicianship
IB

Secondary triads, medieval modes, harmonic
sequence, elementary modulation, continued
part-writing and analysis, ear training, sight
singing, keyboard harmony. Prerequisite for
advanced music courses. Four semester hours
of credit. Prerequisite: MUA 145 or equivalent.

MUA 221 A Introduction to Music
Literature

The best and most significant music of the
West approached stylistically and historically,
with special focus on Stravinsky's Petrushka.
Not intended for music majors.

MUA 224 Jazz, its Music and Style

Roots and developments of jazz, with emphasis
on such innovators and synthesizers as Louis
Armstrong, Thelonius Monk and Sonny Rol-
lins.

MUA 242 Comprehensive Musicianship
II: Medieval and Renaissance Music

History, theory, performance practices and
cultural context of Western music from the
start of the Christian era to 1600. Prerequisite:
MUA 145 or equivalent.

MUA 245 Choral Literature and
Ensemble

Study and performance of masterworks of
choral music. Concerts given both on and off
campus. Chamber chorus chosen from mem-
bership of the larger group. Two semesters
required for one course credit. Admission by
audition with instructor.

MUA 246 Instrumental Ensemble

Participation in small ensembles for strings,
brass or woodwinds. Repertoire from Renais-
sance to present. Four hours per week for two
semesters earns one course credit. Permission
of instructor required.

MUA 266/7 Music Projects I

Opportunities for study in special topics in
performance, research, and areas of study not
provided for in regular semester courses, by
permission of instructor.

MUA 326A American Music and Values

Impact of the American pioneer experience on
folk, popular and art music. Slave songs to
electronic works. Freshmen discouraged from
enrolling.

MUA 341 Comprehensive Musicianship
III: the Baroque Period

The literature and associated stylistic analysis
of music from Monteverdi through Bach (c.
1600-1750). Prerequisite: MUA 145 or per-
mission of instructor.

MUA 342 Comprehensive Musicianship
IV: Music of the Classic Period

Development of 18th century classical style
through the music of Haydn, Mozart and
Beethoven. Prerequisite: MUA145, or per-
mission of instructor.

Personnel and Human Resource Management

MUA 350 (Directed Study) 20th Century
Music

Important works by major composers of this
century, listening to recordings of their works,
along with the history of the period. Open to all
students; ability to read standard musical scor-
ing at minimal level helpful.

MUA 361 Advanced Tonal Harmony

A continuation of MUA 145, from modulatory
techniques through the chromaticism of the
late 19th century. Two one-hour labs in aural
skills required each week. Permission of in-
structor required.

MUA 366/7 Music Projects II

For advanced music students who wish to pur-
sue work on specialized topics in depth, includ-
ing composition. Permission of instructor
required.

College Human Resource Institute.

MUA 442 Applied Music

Studio instruction in voice, piano, organ, string,
brass and woodwind instruments. One private
lesson, one hour class meeting, and a mini-
mum of six hours per week individual practice
required for two semesters, for one course
credit. Permission of instructor required. Fee
charged.

MUA 443 Comprehensive Musicianship
V: The Romantic Period — the 19th
Century

A study of the music of the 19th century from
late Beethoven through Schubert, Brahms,
Chopin and Wagner, among others. Prereq-
uisite: MUA 145 or permission of instructor.

MUA 444 Comprehensive Musicianship
VI: Contemporary Period

Beginning with Debussy, contemporary music
through the various mainstream composers.
Post World War II events, such as aleatoric,
electronic and computerized composition are
included. Prerequisite: MUA 145 or permission
of instructor.

CRA 141 A Introduction to the Arts
CRA 225A Music and Architecture

For descriptions see Aesthetic Perspective.

KSA 201P Models, Myth and Music

For description see Knight Reading
Seminars.

PERSONNEL AND HUMAN
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
(PHRM)

A personnel and human resource management
concentration may be elected within the man-
agement major. In addition to the specified
competencies for the management major (see
management), the PHRM concentration
teaches theory and practices of personnel
and human resources management in organi-
zations including job definition, staffing,
training and development, compensation and
benefits, labor relations, environmental analy-
sis and human resource planning and controll-
ing. The PHRM concentration also allows
students to integrate their classroom learning
with related ongoing business and industry
research in cooperation with the Eckerd
College Human Resource Institute.

PHRM students are required to complete the
following courses:

Freshmen

Quantitative Methods
Statistical Methods

Sophomores

Principles of Microeconomics
Principles of Accounting
Introduction to Computer Science or
Computer Applications

Juniors

Managerial Enterprise

Marketing

Personnel Management

Personnel Planning and Industry Research I

Organizational Behavior

Introduction to Business Finance or

Investment Finance
Operations Management

Summer: PHRM work experience or intern-
ship is required. Credit may be awarded through
an independent study if work experience is
combined with approved academic work (such
as a research paper).

Seniors

Personnel Planning and Industry Research II
Business Policy and Strategic Management
Senior Seminar: Issues in Management
All PHRM students must complete each re-
quired course with a grade of C or better. To

Philosophy

progress in sequence, and to receive credit for
core courses in which the student has received
a grade of D or F, a petition must be submitted
and approved by the PHRM coordinator.

See Management.
PHILOSOPHY

Students majoring in philosophy develop with
their Mentor a program of study including a
minimum of eight courses, including one logic
course and one ethics course; at least three
courses from the History of Philosophy series
(other philosophy courses with a significant
historical component may be substituted upon
approval of the philosophy faculty); Contem-
porary Philosophical Methodology; and other
upper level courses focused on the student's
particular philosophical interests. In addition,
philosophy majors are expected to take com-
plementary courses in other disciplines that
provide background and breadth in their pro-
gram of study.

Philosophy majors are to have a working know-
ledge of the issues and methods covered in
their required courses in logic, ethics and the
history of philosophy sequence, in addition to
those in their chosen upper-level area of focus.
This competence and the ability to commun-
icate it in speaking and writing is demonstrated
by satisfactory completion of the courses in
the philosophy major and of a Senior thesis or
comprehensive examination in philosophy.

A minor in philosophy consists of five philo-
sophy courses, to be approved by the philo-
sophy coordinator.

PLL 101 Introduction to Philosophy
(Directed Study available)

Analyze philosophical issues concerning human
nature, our relationship to the world around
us, and major philosophical issues of value and
meaning. Study works of several great philo-
sophers to help students develop their own
views.

PLL 102M Introduction to Logic

Methods of critical and logical analysis of
language and thought. Helps develop critical,
analytical reasoning and linguistic precision.

PLL 220 Existentialism

A provocatively modern approach to many of
the issues of the philosophical tradition; the
existential foundations of art, religion, science
and technology.

PLL 230 Philosophy of Religion

The conceptual aspects of religion: natural
and supernatural, religious experience, sources
of religious knowledge, faith and reason in the
past and future. Offered alternate years.

PLL 24 IS Ethics: Tradition and Critique

Various systems for judging good and bad,
right and wrong. Definitions of the good life,
ethical theories and their application to issues
such as abortion, civil rights, war and peace
censorship, etc.

PLL/MNB 242S Ethics in Management:
Theory and Practice

For description see Management.

PLL 243E Environmental Ethics

A philosophical investigation of our relation-
ship to the natural environment, and how these
considerations affect our moral obligations to
other people, as well as future generations.

PLL 244 Social and Political Philosophy

Major social and political theories that have
been influential in the West. Contemporary
political theory examined in light of classical
tradition and historical movements. Offered
alternate years.

PLL 261 A Philosophy and Film

Viewing films, discussing them, and reading
philosophical essays about film, art, believing,
and the difficulties of living well. How themes
from some major contemporary films reflect
persisting philosophical themes.

PLL 263A Aesthetics

Examine various answers to questions asked
from ancient times by philosophers, artists
and other thoughtful people about the nature
of art, beauty, and the role of the arts and
artists in society. Prerequisite: Western Herit-
age or permission of instructor.

Philosophy

PLL 311 Major Philosophers

An intensive study of a single major philoso-
pher. May be taken more than once for credit
with focus on different philosophers.

PLL 312 American Philosophy

Major trends and emphases in American phil-
osophy from the colonial period to the 20th
century. Prerequisite: some background in the
humanities or permission of instructor.

PLL 321 History of Philosophy: Greek
and Roman

The rise of philosophy, 600 B.C.-A.D. 100,
with emphasis on natural philosophy. Pre-
Socratics, Sophists, Stoics, Epicureans, Plato
and Aristotle. Offered alternate years.

PLL 322 History of Philosophy: Medieval
and Renaissance

Philosophical thought from ebb of Rome through
rise of modern Europe, including develop-
ments in Jewish and/or Islamic, and Christian
philosophy. Faith and reason, realism and
nominalism, mysticism and rationalism, Pla-
tonism and Aristotelianism. Offered alternate
years.

PLL 323 History of Philosophy: 17th-18th
Century

Descartes through Kant as response to the
Scientific Revolution. Comparison of rational-
ism and empiricism. Offered alternate years.

PLL 324 History of Philosophy: 19th
Century

Kant, German Idealism, Utilitarianism, social
and scientific philosophy, existentialism,
Hegel, Schopenhauer, Marx, Kierkegaard,
Nietzsche, others. Offered alternate years.

PLL 325 History of Science

Physical science from 600 B.C.-A.D. 1700.
Major discoveries and scientists, different
approaches to science, the interrelationship
between science and society.

PLL 331/332 Special Topics in Philosophy

Philsophical study of one or more aspects of
culture, such as sport, gender, unorthodox
science, sexuality, mass communication, arti-
ficial intelligence, literature and technology.
May be taken more than once for credit with
different topics.

PLL 342 20th Century Philosophical
Movements

Development of philosophical analysis and
existentialism as the two main philosophical
movements of the 20th century. Freshmen
require permission of instructor.

PLL 344 Varieties of Marxism

Selections from Marx, Engels, Lenin, Trotsky,
Stalin; Chinese, Latin American and European
interpretations of Marx. Some background in
philosophy, economics or political theory re-
quired. Freshmen require permission of in-
structor.

PLL 345 Symbolic Logic

Logic as an object of study, not an inferential
tool. Derivability, completeness, analyticity,
categoricity and consistency. Prerequisite:
PLL 102M or permission of instructor. Offered
alternate years.

PLL 348 Philosophical Theology

A philosophical study of the nature of God and
the relation of God and world, based on read-
ings from early Greek philosophy to the present.
Prerequisite: some background in philosophy
or religion.

PLL 360 Philosophy of Science

Recent controversies on the scientific expla-
nation between formal logical analysis and the
informal, heuristic approach. Analysis of laws
and theories. Examples from the history of
science. Offered alternate years.

PLL 361 Contemporary Ethical Theory

Major contemporary schools of thought in
moral philosophy. Prerequisite: some back-
ground in philosophy, religious studies, psy-
chology, literature or related disciplines.

Physical Education

PLL 362 Contemporary Political
Philosophy

Major contemporary schools of thought in po-
litical philosophy. Prerequisite: some back-
ground in philosophy, political science, history,
economics, American studies or literature.

PLL 363 Philosophy of Economics

Comparison of two competing schools of
thought in contemporary political economy
that have developed from classical statements
of their positions in the works of Adam Smith
and Karl Marx, and their implications for
human welfare. Prerequisite: a course in phil-
osophy, economics, political science, or history.

PLL 365 Philosophy of History

Consideration of the meaning of history and
such questions as: is history leading anywhere?
does it result in anything genuinely new, or is it
an "eternal recurrence of the same"? Prere-
quisite: some background in the humanities.

PLL 366 Philosophy of Political
Transformation

Human needs and social justice, barriers to
the realization of human dignity and rights,
relative justifiability of alternate methods of
social change, case studies in social change.
Seminar emphasizing extensive student respon-
sibility. Field experience component.

PLL 403 Contemporary Philosophical
Methodologies

Intensive investigation of philosophical metho-
dologies, designed to help students practice
philosophy in an original manner. Emphasis
on independent study. Prerequisite: one or
more upper level philosophy course or per-
mission of instructor. May be taken more than
once for credit in order to study different
methodologies.

KSL 201P The Ancient Tradition I: Homer
to Plato

KSL 202P The Ancient Tradition II:
Empires and Ethics

KSL 204P Ethics: Human Development
and the Good Life

KSL 205P Plato and Aristotle's Science

For descriptions see Knight Reading
Seminars.

LTL 30 1 A A Nation of Poets and Thinkers :
Art and Philosophy in Modern German
Culture

For description see Aesthetic Perspective
Courses.

LTL/NAN 283E The Growth and Nature
of Scientific Views

LTL 303E The Scientific Revolution and
Human Values

For description see Environmental Perspec-
tive Courses.

PHILOSOPHY/RELIGION

A major in philosophy/religion includes eleven
courses, five in philosophy, five in religious
studies, and Philosophy of Religion. The pro-
gram ordinarily culminates in a Senior thesis.
Required courses in philosophy are: two from
PLL 101, 102M, 241S; two from PLL 321,
322, 323, 324; one other upper-level course.
Required courses in religious studies are:
REL 201S; one from REL 203C, 204C; and
three other upper-level courses. Additional
upper-level courses in each discipline are re-
commended, and any change in these require-
ments must have the approval of faculty of
both disciplines.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

PEB 121 Principles of Physical Education

Investigating physical education as a career.
Minimum 20 hours in local schools in pre-
internship program. Personal interview re-
quired. Open to upperclass students.

PEB 123 Fitness and Skills

Introduction to many skills, with emphasis on
promoting a lifetime of physical activity through
at least one skill. Vigorous exercise program
for the entire year. Medical clearance required.
Open to upperclass students.

PEB 321 Athletic Coaching

Social-psychological problems of coaching
today, the role of sports, developing a philo-
sophy of coaching. Sports programs from youth
leagues to collegiate athletics. Teaching styles,
training, sports psychology.

Physics

The following does not carry course credit:

Lifeguard Training

Use of rescue equipment, spinal injury manage-
ment techniques, basic pool maintenance.
Prerequisite: First Aid and CPR, ability to
swim 500 yards using crawl, breaststroke,
elementary bachstroke, etc. Must be minimum
of 15 years of age.

PHYSICS

For the B.A. degree, students majoring in
physics normally take the following courses:
Fundamental Physics I, II, HI, Electronics,
Classical Mechanics, Electricity and Magne-
tism, Quantum Physics I, Calculus I, II, III. For
the B.S. degree, additional courses normally
included are Quantum Physics II, Differential
Equations, and Linear Algebra, along with
Senior Thesis, and General Chemistry I, II.
The Mathematical Sciences Seminar is re-
quired in the Junior and Senior years. Stu-
dents may arrange independent or directed
study courses in advanced subjects to suit
their needs.

An example of a program of courses which
would lead to a major in physics:

Freshmen
Fall

Calculus I
Physics I
Spring
Calculus II
Physics II

Sophomores
Fall

Calculus III

Physics III

Spring

Differential Equations

Electronics

Juniors
Fall

Classical Mechanics
Chemistry I
Spring

Electromagnetism
Chemistry II

Seniors
Fall

Quantum Physics I
Spring

Quantum Physics II

In addition, physics majors are required to
enroll in the mathematical sciences seminar
during their Junior and Senior years.

Students who major in physics develop com-
petency in using scientific methodology: in
creating mathematical models of real-world
systems, manipulating these models to obtain
predictions of the system's behavior, and test-
ing the model's predictions against the observ-
ed real-world behavior. Mechanical, electro-
magnetic, thermodynamic, and atomic/molec-
ular systems are among those with which stu-
dents become familiar in the building and
testing of theoretical models. Problem-solving
and quantitative reasoning are among the skills
which are developed.

PHN 209E Our Environment:
The Universe

Physical principles and applications which
help students appreciate the interactions of
humans with the environment and universe.
Theories of the origin and evolution of environ-
ment and glimpses of the future.

PHN 241 Fundamental Physics I

Three course sequence, Fundamental Physics
I, II, III, presents a contemporary view of con-
cepts in elementary form. Prerequisite: MAN
131M.

PHN 242 Fundamental Physics II

Second of elementary physics sequence. Pre-
requisite: PHN 241 and MAN 13 1M.

PHN 243 Fundamental Physics III

Continuation of elementary physics sequence.
Prerequisite: 242 or permission of instructor.

PHN 320 Optics

Wave motion, electromagnetic theory, photons,
light and geometric optics, superposition and
polarization of waves, interference and diffrac-
tion of waves, coherence theory, holography
and lasers. Prerequisites: MAN 132 and PHN
242.

PHN 321 Solid Earth Geophysics

Theory and methods of physics applied to the
earth. Gravity, magnetic, electrical, seismic,
and heat flow techniques as they pertain to the
earth. Prerequisite: PHN 241, 242, MAN 131,
132, or consent of instructor. MAN 233 recom-
mended.

Political Science

PHN 341 Classical Mechanics

Particles and rigid bodies, elastic media,
waves, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formula-
tions of dynamics. Prerequisites: PHN 242
and MAN 234 or permission of instructor.

PHN 342 Electricity and Magnetism

Maxwell's equations in the study of electric
and magnetic fields, AC and DC circuits. Elec-
tromagnetic wave theory introduced. Prereq-
uisites: PHN 242 and MAN 234 or permission
of instructor.

NAN 410 Senior Seminar in the Natural
Sciences

For description see Senior Seminars and
NAN 438 below.

NAN 438/410 Mathematical Sciences
Seminar (2 Year Sequence)

Required of all Juniors and Seniors majoring
in physics and mathematics. For description
see Mathematics.

PHN 443 Quantum Physics I

Modern quantum theory and relativity. Com-
parison of classical and quantum results.
Prerequisite: PHN 243 and permission of in-
structor.

PHN 444 Quantum Physics II

Three-dimensional wave equation and appli-
cation to hydrogen atoms. Identical particles
introduced with emphasis on low-energy scat-
tering. Prerequisite: PHN 433 or permission
of instructor.

PHN 499 Independent Research —
Thesis

Outstanding students majoring in physics nor-
mally are invited to engage in active research
and to prepare a thesis in lieu of a Senior
comprehensive exam.

NAN 204 Electronics

Electronic circuit theory utilizing modern
electronic techniques and instrumentation.

NAN 205 Descriptive Astronomy

Origin and evolution of the solar system, and
our relationship to the universe. Telescopic
observation sessions of moon, planets and
stars.

NAN 244E Energy and Environment

NAN 282E The Long Journey

For description see Environmental
Perspective Courses.

DIRECTED STUDIES

NAN 150 (Directed Study) The
Universe

A non-mathematical study of creation and
evolution, starting with the Big Bang theory
and concentrating on the physical universe.

NAN 151 (Directed Study) The World of
Life

The creation of life, the evolutionary history of
the biosphere, and the study of life in com-
munities provide an overview of life on earth,
past and present.

NAN 251 (Directed Study) The Futures of
Humanity: Worlds of Science Fiction

Student will gain an awareness of the many
possible futures which can grow from the
potentialities already present, through a study
of science fiction.

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Students majoring in political science affiliate
with either the Letters or Behavioral Science
Collegium, depending on their individual career
or research plans. Both require the comple-
tion of Introduction to American National
Government and Politics, and either Intro-
duction to Comparative Government or Intro-
duction to International Relations. Beyond
the two introductory courses, all students must
complete six additional non-introductory polit-
ical science course s including at least one from
each member of the political science faculty.
All political science majors must also complete
Statistical Methods and the political science
Senior Seminar. The typical course sequence
for political science majors includes the com-
pletion of two introductory courses in their
first year, followed by an individually tailored
set of upper-division courses. Majors ordinarily
concentrate their upper-division coursework
in either international affairs or American
politics.

Students with specific career or research in-
terests not adequately covered by the discip-
line may substitute one course from another
discipline for one upper-level political science

Political Science

course with prior approval of the political
science faculty. Students are encouraged to
use one winter term to explore their career or
research interests through an appropriate
internship. With the approval of the political
science faculty, one winter term internship
may fulfill a political science major require-
ment. One winter term project may also be
accepted toward degree requirements in politi-
cal science.

Students choosing to major in political science
gain fundamental understanding of American
government, how our governmental system
compares with other major political systems,
and how the U.S. interrelates with the rest of
the world. Majors gain competence in political
analysis and research skills as well as an under-
standing of political power, government in-
stitutions, and international affairs.

Students may also earn a minor in political
science with successful completion of POL
102S, eitherPOB 103C orPOB 104C, and any
four additional non-introductory courses spread
across the political science faculty.

POL 102S Introduction to American
National Government and Politics

American democratic theory, political parties,
interest groups, presidential selection and
functions, Congress, Supreme Court, federal
bureaucracy, and several major areas of policy
making conducted by the national government.

POB 103C Introduction to International
Relations

National and international political relation-
ships, origins of war, the international system,
rich and poor nations and the politics of hunger,
and alternate concepts to the present system.

POB 104C Introduction to Comparative
Politics

Issues and analysis of the internal dynamics of
modern states through examination of Britain,
France, Germany, USSR and the Third World,
laying the foundation for further study in
comparative politics and/or international re-
lations.

POL 202 Public Policy-Making in America

Introduction to the general policy-making
process. Formulation of new policies and pro-
grams, implementation, evaluation of federal
programs. Policy areas such as unemployment
and environment.
90

POB 21 1C Inter- American Relations

Historical examination of continuities and
changes in U.S. policy toward Latin America
from Monroe Doctrine to present in Central
America, from a range of ideological and scho-
larly perspectives. Prerequisite: POB 103 C,
and either POL 102S, or POB 104C.

POB 212 U.S. Foreign Policy

History of U.S. diplomacy and foreign policy.
Complex global issues (economic, political,
strategic) faced by policy makers and citizens
alike. Policies and alternatives that the U.S.
faces today and into the 1990's. Prerequisite:
POL 102S and POB 103C or POB 104C or
permission of instructor.

POB 221 Politics of Revolution and
Development

Causes and nature of political violence and
revolution as related to human behavior theory.
Theories on causes of revolution, concepts of
liberation, consequences and responsibilities
of interstate relations during times of crisis.
Recommended: POL 102S and either POB
103Corl04C.

POB 222 Political Ideologies

The role, function and origin of ideology in
politics. Comparative political ideologies such
as Fascism, Nazism, Anarchism, Socialism,
Communism, Corporatism, Capitalism/Liber-
alism, domestic and international forms of
terrorism.

POL 301 The Constitution and Govern-
ment Power

Constitutional power bases of judicial, execu-
tive and legislative branches of national govern-
ment, analysis of major constitutional issues,
of federalism and powers of the states, Supreme
Court decisions. One lower-division political
science course recommended.

POL 302 The Constitution and Individual
Rights

Examining those portions of the Constitution
dealing with relations between the individual
and the government (the Bill of Rights, due
process, equal protection, privileges and
immunities, etc.). POL 301 is not prerequisite.
One lower-division political science course
recommended.

Political Science

POL 303 The American Presidency

The Presidency as a political and constitu-
tional office, its growth and development from
Washington to the present. One lower-division
political science course recommended.

POB 304 U.S. Congress

The U.S. legislative process with major atten-
tion to the Senate and House of Representa-
tives. Roles of lawmakers, legislative behavior,
and representative government in theory and
fact. One lower- division political science course
recommended.

POB 305 Political Parties and Interest
Groups

Party organization and functions at national,
state and county levels, and other institutions
and activities competing for party functions.
One lower-division political science course
recommended.

POB 311 Latin American Politics

Historical overview of Latin American political
development from the Spanish conquest to
20th century, comparison of political systems
and people, and future prospects. Prerequisite:
POL 102S and POB 103C or 104C.

POB 312 Politics of Underdevelopment

An introduction to the politics of underde-
velopment in Asia, Africa and Latin America,
focusing on the causes and consequences of
poverty.

POB 313 Seminar in Democratic Theory

Philosophical roots of democratic theory, theo-
retical requisites of a democratic system, prac-
tical political/economic implications, examined
as citizens of both the U.S. and the world.
Prerequisites: POL 102S and one other polit-
ical science course.

POB 32 1C Comparative European Politics

Parties, interest groups, political movements,
major institutions of government, as well as
culture, history and contemporary political
problems. POB 104C recommended or in-
structor's permission.

POB 322 Authoritarian Political Systems

Structure and emergence of 20th century
authoritarian regimes, including Fascism,
corporatism, military governments, one-party
Communist states and personalist dictator-
ships. A previous poitical science course is
recommended.

POB 323 International Relations:
Theories of War and Peace

Problems and origins of conflict among sov-
ereign states in the contemporary world. Origins
of war and cold war. Modern characteristics of
international politics. Prerequisites: POL 102S
andPOB103C or POB 104C, or permission of
instructor.

POB 324 Communist Political Systems

Evolution of Marxist theory in a variety of
political systems: U.S.S.R., People's Republic
of China, Afro-Marxists regimes, non-ruling
communist parties of Western Europe. Highly
recommended that students have had either
POB 103S, 104C, 321C, HIC 244A or PLL
344.

POB 350 (Directed Study) Florida Politics

State and local government in U.S., overview
of Southern politics, problems and issues of
Florida: rapid growth, race relations, environ-
ment, voter dealignment, party realignment,
elections, regional issues and solidarity.

POB 410 The U.S. and the Vietnam
Experience

Senior Seminar for political science majors.
History of U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia
and impact of the Vietnam experience on U.S.
policy making in the 1980's. Causes of war,
international mechanisms for conflict resolu-
tion, comparative development strategies and
Third World political systems.

POB 421 Comparative Judicial Politics

Judicial politics across political systems. Re-
lationship among law, society and public policy
in European, socialist and non-Western sys-
tems. The inner workings, view of justice, and
social/cultural development of other civil so-
cieties. Prerequisite: Junior or Senior standing.

Psychology

POL 450 (Directed Study) The Supreme
Court in American Politics

Internal operations of the U.S. Supreme Court,
judicial decision-making and behavior, juris-
diction, structure of court system, Supreme
Court's role in adjudication of civil rights and
liberties.

POI 2/30 IS Introduction to Contemporary
British Politics

For description see International Education,
London.

KSB 20 IP Power, Authority and Virtue

For description see Knight Reading
Seminars.

PSYCHOLOGY

Students majoring in psychology have the option
of completing either a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)
or Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree.

Those electing to earn the B.A. degree com-
plete the following:

Introduction to Psychology, Human Learn-
ing and Cognition, Psychology of Childhood
and Adolescence, Experimental Psychology,
Personality Theory and Research, Bio-
psychology, Abnormal Psychology, Intro-
duction to Clinical and Counseling Psy-
chology, and Social Psychology.

Those electing to earn the B.S. degree com-
plete all of the B.A. courses (except Introduction
to Clinical and Counseling Psychology) plus
the following:

Research Skills, Psychological Tests and
Measurements, and either Advanced Per-
sonality Research or Advanced Social Re-
search.

Psychology majors also take Statistical
Methods (required of all students majoring in
the Behavioral Science Collegium) and the
Senior Seminar.

The required courses are arranged in a hier-
archical and developmental sequence in order
to avoid redundancy and achieve a high level
of training during the undergraduate years.
This sequence is listed on a checklist which
the student will use with the mentor to plan
each semester's classes. While providing a
basic structure to the degree planning, the
sequence includes adequate flexibility for
students wishing to participate in the Inter-
national Education program and those who

also pursue a second major.

Students in the B.A. degree program acquire a
knowledge of the theoretical approaches, re-
search methodologies, research findings, and
practical applications of the many sub-fields
within the science and profession of contem-
porary psychology. Working closely with their
Mentors, students build on this foundation by
developing an individualized area of courses
in a particular specialty which will augment
their liberal arts psychology background. These
students acquire the ability to:

— critique new research findings in psychology.

— present research findings and theoretical
systems in oral and written formats.

— apply theory to real-world problems.

— evaluate contemporary controversies in the
field of psychology.

Students in the B.S. degree program acquire
the same core foundation as described in the
B.A. program and build on this foundation
with a set of experiences in which they acquire
the following specific research skills:

— critically reviewing and synthesizing diverse
bodies of research literature.

— designing and conducting original research
projects.

— using SPSS x to analyze research data.

— using microcomputer-based graphics pack-
ages to prepare professional quality figures
and graphics.

— preparing publication quality research re-
ports in APA format.

A minor in psychology must include Experi-
mental Psychology, Psychology of Childhood
and Adolescence, Human Learning and Cogni-
tion, Abnormal Psychology, and either Per-
sonality Theory and Research or Social Psy-
chology.

All courses required for the major or minor
must be passed with a grade of C or better.

PSB 101S Introduction to Psychology

Psychological processes, behavior, empirical
methods, statistical concepts, biopsychology,
learning, memory, cognition, motivation,
human development, personality, abnormal
behavior, social processes, values issues in
research and intervention in human lives.

Psychology

PSB 201 Experimental Psychology

Research methodology, experiments, analysis
of data. Observational techniques, correlational
and laboratory methods. Prerequisites: PSB
lOlSandBEB 160M.

PSB 202 Psychology of Childhood and
Adolescence

Integrative approach to physical/behavioral,
cognitive/intellectual, social/emotional devel-
opment from conception to the end of ado-
lescence. Prerequisite: PSB 101S.

PSB 203 Psychology of Adulthood and
Aging

Personality, perceptual, physiological, intel-
lectual and social changes beyond adoles-
cence. Prerequisite: PSB 10 IS. Offered alter-
nate years.

PSB 205 Human Learning and Cognition

Principles of human learning, thinking, crea-
tivity, formal reasoning, information process-
ing, problem solving and memory. Prerequi-
sites: PSB 101S.

PSA/HDA 206 Introduction to Clinical
and Counseling Psychology

Overview of the helping professions, personal-
ity theory, human development, processes of
counseling/therapy, research, self -awareness
and assessment. Prerequisite: PSB 101S or
HDA 101, or permission of instructor.

PSA/EDA 207 Group Dynamics

For description see Education.

PSB 221 Research Skills in Psychology

Primarily for students pursuing the B.S. degree
in psychology. Acquire skills in designing,
executing, analyzing and reporting correlation-
al and experimental research. Prerequisite:
PSB 201 and BEB 160M.

PSA/HDA 302 Gestalt Theory and Practice

A foundation stone in the human potential
process, serving therapy, personal growth,
education, creativity and self-awareness. Pre-
requisite: PSB 10 IS or permission of instructor.
Generally offered alternate years.

PSB 302 Social Psychology

The study of the individual in a social environ-
ment, group influence, past and present con-
cepts and research. Experimental approach to
understanding social forces which affect indi-
viduals. Prerequisites: PSB 101S and BEB
160M.

PSB 306 Personality Theory and
Research

Advanced course for psychology majors in the
study of classical and contemporary approaches
to personality. Prerequisites: PSB 201.

PSB 307 Psychological Tests and
Measurement

Reliability, validity, psychological and mea-
surement assumptions underlying interviews,
self-report inventories, aptitude tests; major
instruments and their uses; ethical issues in
testing. Prerequisite: PSB 221 (or may be taken
concurrently).

PSA/HDA 309 Abnormal Psychology

Behavior and states of consciousness judged
by society to be abnormal, deviant or unac-
ceptable, using such models for understanding
as the psychoanalytic, medical, behavioristic
and humanistic-existential. Prerequisites: PSB
101S, PSB 206, Junior or Senior standing, or
permission of instructor.

PSB 309 Biopsychology

The application of neurological and neuro-
physical principles to understanding such
phenomena as consciousness, instinct, moti-
vation, learning, thought, language, memory,
emotion. Appropriate for Juniors and Seniors
with backgrounds in psychology or natural
sciences. Prerequisite: PSB 101S.

PSB 322 Advanced Social Research

For B.S. track students. Acquire experience in
conducting research with an emphasis on tech-
niques (archival research, survey methodology)
not stressed in the experimental psychology
sequence. Prerequisites: PSB 221 and 302.

Religious Studies

PSB 326 Advanced Personality Research

For B.S. track students. Acquire experience in
conducting research, stressing content and
methodology. Fine points of cutting edge in-
vestigations of personality issues. Prerequisite:
PSB 221 and 306.

PSI 350 (Directed Study) Youth
Experience in a Changing Great Britain

For description see International Education,
London Offerings.

PSA 383S Psychology of Consciousness

Psychology studies both behavior and con-
sciousness. This perspective emphasizes
consciousness, both normal and altered states.
Theory, research, practices and new paradigms
of reality, health and creativity.

PSB 402 Research Seminar in
Psychology

Designed for students to do original research.
Prerequisites: PSB 101S, BEB 160M, PSB
201 and permission of instructor.

PSA/HDA 403 Practicum in Peer
Counseling

PSA/HDA 405 Practicum in Group
Process

For descriptions see Human Development.

PSB 410-A History and Systems

Senior Seminar for B.S. psychology majors. A
synthetic overview of the history and major
theoretical systems of modern psychology.
Prerequisites: Senior standing and major pre-
paration in psychology.

PSB 410-B Senior Seminar in Psychology

Senior Seminar for B.A. psychology majors.
Ethical issues, bio-social-psychological pro-
blems, analyzing, researching, solving. Pre-
requisite: Senior standing and major prepara-
tion in psychology.

PSA/EDA 421 Psychology for Education

For description see Education.

PSA/B 499 Independent Research —
Thesis

Psychology majors may elect to devise an
independent study project with one of the
faculty. Directed research leading to a Senior
thesis is available by invitation of the faculty
only.

RELIGION/PHILOSOPHY

See Philosophy/Religion.

RELIGIOUS STUDIES/
RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

Students majoring in religious studies must
take the basic course, Introduction to Religious
Studies, and at least two courses from each of
the following areas: Biblical studies (including
REL 105, REL 203C, or 204C) historical and
theological studies (including REL 241), non-
Western religions (including REC 240C) and
two additional religious studies courses of the
student's choice. At least four of the courses
beyond the introductory course must be 300
level or above.

Competency in the religious studies major will
be determined by successful completion of all
courses and by comprehensive examinations
in three specific areas, or thesis. Directed and
independent study courses may be taken toward
fulfillment of this major.

Majors in religious studies should have de-
veloped the following competencies by the
time they graduate:

— familiarity with the principal concerns and
methods of the field of religious studies.

— knowledge of a chosen focal area that allows
the student to converse with ease on sub-
jects related to the area and make appro-
priate judgments based on critical study.

— capacity to make effective use of appropriate
historical, literary, and critical tools for the
study of religious texts and traditions.

— ability to relate the beliefs and values of
religious traditions to specific issues arising
out of contemporary society.

— evidence of integrative self -reflection showing
that the student is engaged in a serious
effort to synthesize new information and
insight into a personally meaningful world-
view.

Religious Education

Competency in the major is determined by
successful completion of the courses for the
major and of the senior requirement, as follows:

Each student is expected to keep a portfolio of
papers written for courses in the major. The
portfolio should include two papers in each of
the three main fields: Biblical studies; histor-
ical and theological studies; non-Western re-
ligions. One of these fields should be chosen
by the student as the primary focus of study. A
paper in this chosen area is specially prepared
for oral presentation to the religious studies
faculty and interested students. This can be
either a seventh paper or one of the six course
papers. The student should do additional work
on all of the papers before they are submitted
to the faculty. A comprehensive grade, covering
portfolio, presentation, and oral response, is
assigned at the conclusion of an interview in
which the three faculty members have a chance
to question the student regarding the portfolio
and presentation.

For a minor in religious studies a student will
normally take REL 20 IS plus four courses in
the discipline, subject to the approval of the
discipline faculty.

An interdisciplinary concentration in Religious
Education is also available. This concentra-
tion, under the supervision of a three-member
interdisciplinary faculty committee, requires
the completion of at least nine courses, includ-
ing two in Biblical studies (one of which should
be REL 105, REL 203C, or REL 204C) and
two in theological and historical studies (in-
cluding REL 241). The remaining five courses
are selected from the area of psychology and
counseling studies and from education. This
concentration should appeal especially to stu-
dents contemplating professional careers with
church and synagogue, and to students who
wish to work as lay people in religious insti-
tutions.

REL 101/102 New Testament Greek

Vocabulary and syntax of Koine Greek, to a
level of proficiency adequate for beginning
study of the New Testament.

REL 105 Introduction to the Bible

Biblical history and literary style, other con-
temporary literature, studied for content, genre,
historical context, prominent thematic con-
cerns. Basic principles of biblical criticism as
preparation for higher-level courses in biblical
and religious studies.

REL 20 IS Introduction to Religious
Studies (Directed Study available)

Religious experience and ideas as they are
expressed in such cultural forms as commu-
nity, ritual, myth, doctrine, ethics, scripture
and art; synthesizing personal religious ideas
and values.

REL 203C Old Testament Judaism

The culture of ancient Israel, precursor to
modern Judaism, through a survey of Hebrew
literature of the Old Testament period.

REL 204C New Testament Christianity

An introduction to the world of early Chris-
tianity, with its Hebraic Greco-Roman back-
ground, through a survey of Christian literature
of the first two centuries C.E.

REL 205 Varieties of Biblical
Interpretation

Theory and history of biblical interpretation.
Explore and evaluate various approaches, in-
cluding feminist, materialistic, psychoanalytic,
literary-critical, theological interpretations.

REL 210S Introduction to Christian Ethics
(Directed Study available)

Some major figures in the history of Christian
ethics, with most emphasis on contemporary
approaches such as Barth, Niebuhr, Gustafson,
Fletcher, Ramsey, Dussell. Introduction to
some of most important issues and methods.

REL 22 IS Religion in America
(Directed Study available)

The beliefs, behavior and institutions of Juda-
ism and Christianity in American life. The
uniqueness of the American religious exper-
ience and its impact on American institutional
patterns.

Religious Education

REC 240C Non-Western Religions

The founders of non-Western religions, their
life experiences, religious views and the emer-
gence of their teachings as coherent systems,
with comparisons to the Judaeo-Christian
tradition.

REL 241 History of Christianity

Beliefs, practices and institutions of the Chris-
tian Church through the past nineteen cen-
turies. The great theological debates, significant
issues, and formative thinkers.

REL 244C Western Religions

Major religions of Middle East, Judaism,
Christianity, Islam. Historical development,
literature and contributions to the West. The
Bible and Koran.

REL 280 Christianity and Contemporary
Culture

How the Christian faith and culture can and
should relate to each other. Christian faith and
politics, economics, science and technology,
the arts, literature and philosophy.

REL 305 Biblical Exegesis

Close reading of particular section of the Bible,
its socio-historical background, literary, theo-
logical, philological, grammatical and rhetorical
characteristics. Prerequisite: REL 203C or
204C or consent of instructor.

REC 320 The Buddhist Tradition

Gautama's enlightenment, the Noble Eight-
fold Path, development of Buddhist ideas and
practices as they spread from India to South
and East Asia, contrasting Western religious
views with those of another world religion.

REC 32 1C Confucian and Taoist Traditions

Early Chinese views of the world through lit-
erature and archaeological remains. Recom-
mended as follow-up to East Asian Area Studies
for those interested in more detailed study.

REL 329 Liberation Theology

The growth of Latin American, black, feminist,
and European political liberation theologies
from earlier forms of theology, their develop-
ment and contribution to the wider theology,
and responses to them.

REL 330 Human Nature and Destiny: A
Theological Inquiry

Study a major theme associated with Christian
understandings of the nature of human life,
the relationship between the individual and
society, historicity, purposiveness of human
life, relationship between humans and nature.

REL/LIL 342A The Art of Biblical
Literature

The poetry, prophecy, law, drama, short story,
proverbs, parables and epistles in one of the
world's greatest collections of religious liter-
ature.

REL 361 Contemporary Christian
Thought

In-depth survey of the major religious thinkers
of the 20th century including Barth, Bultmann,
Tillich, Niebuhr, Buber, Kung and Moltmann.

REC 370 The Zen Phenomenon

The origins, development of thought, distinc-
tive practices, impact on Japanese culture,
and viability outside the Oriental context of
Zen.

REL 380 God and Self-Understanding

The problem of knowing and talking about
God, the effect of the idea of God on under-
standing ourselves, and the development and
significance of the Christine doctrine of the
Trinity, historically and today.

REC 386E The Human Environment:
Religious and Ethical Perspectives

The role of religious values in coping with such
environmental concerns as population, food
and energy shortages, natural resources deple-
tion, and pollution, along with alternate life
styles.

REL 401 Internship in Religious
Education

Supervised, field-based experience in church
work, with a minimum of 150 hours on-site
experience. Permission of instructor required.

REL 440 Biblical Theology

The central ideas and themes of the Old and
New Testaments as a means of moving inside
Jewish and Christian theological traditions.
Prerequisite: one college-level course in Bible.

Russian Studies

REL 441 New Testament Perspectives on
Contemporary Issues

Research seminar on ethical/theological prin-
ciples in the New Testament on such issues as
sexuality, race, war, peace, revolution, non-
violence, poverty, environment, social justice,
church and state. Prerequisite: Junior or Senior
standing.

REL 449 Religion and Imagination

Philosophical and theological treatments of
imagination in religion and in all of life, their
implications for religion, faith and the role of
intellectual reflection in religion. Focus on
Christianity, but principles have broader im-
plications. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

CUC 282C East Asian Area Studies

For description see Cross-Cultural Per-
spective Courses

KSL 203P Search for Transcendent Order

KSL 206P Truth and Narrative

For descriptions see Knight Reading
Seminars.

RESIDENT ADVISER

CRA 305 Resident Adviser Internship

A year-long course for Resident Advisers at
Eckerd College, beginning in autumn term.
Communication, paraprofessional counseling,
crisis intervention, conflict resolution, leader-
ship training.

RUSSIAN STUDIES

The major in Russian studies integrates the
study of the Russian language with Russian
history, literature and contemporary Russian
reality. Students must complete at least two
years of college level Russian, and finish five
courses dealing specifically with Russia: two
in Russian history, two in Russian literature,
and one in Russian Area Studies. Each student
must also choose a field of specialization within
Russian studies (usually language, literature,
history, or social studies) consisting of at least
four courses in addition to those listed above.
When appropriate, these courses may be in-
dependent studies, and/or thesis preparation.
All students have an oral examination covering
their entire program, in addition to the com-

prehensive exam in a field of specialization or
a thesis.

Students interested in the major should begin
immediately with the study of the Russian
language. The entry level course to the major
is Russian Area Studies. Additional courses
are offered in Russian.

Students who complete the Russian studies
major demonstrate the following competencies:

— knowledge of the Russian language includ-
ing an understanding of its grammatical
structure and the acquisition of basic vo-
cabulary.

— understanding of Russian history from its
roots in Kievan Russia to the dramatic
events of the 1990's.

— knowledge of Russian writers and the great
works of Russian literature of the nineteenth
and twentieth centuries.

— understanding of contemporary Russian and
former Soviet political and social structures,
cultural patterns, and relationships with
the outside world as they relate to the
present, and the probable future path of
Russian development.

Requirements for the minor in Russian studies
include one year of Russian language and any
four courses in Russian studies.

RUC 101/2 Elementary Russian

Intensive drill in understanding, speaking,
reading and writing grammatical and conver-
sational patterns of modern Russian.

RUC 201/2 Intermediate Russian

Review and completion of basic Russian
grammar, and continued work on conversa-
tional skills. Prerequisite: RUC 101/2.

RUC/LIC 232 Russian Classics in
Translation

Representative works of 19th century Russian
writers including Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol,
Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and Chekhov.
Offered alternate years.

RUC/LIC 234 20th Century Russian
Literature in Translation

Literary and political factors in the develop-
ment of Russian literature since the Russian
Revolution of 1917.

Sea Semester

The following two courses are taught in

Russian.

RUC 301 Introduction to Russian

Literature and Culture

Russian cultural heritage including a survey of
Russian literature from Pushkin to Solzhe-
nitsyn. Prerequisite: two years of college Rus-
sian. Offered alternate years.

RUC 302 Daily Life in Russian Society

Family, education, youth organizations, eco-
nomic pursuits, mass media, leisure activities,
etc. Prerequisite: two years of college Russian.
Offered alternate years.

CUC 283C Russian Area Studies

For description see Cross-Cultural
Perspective.

For further courses see History, Philosophy,
Political Science and Cross-Cultural Per-
spectives.

SEA SEMESTER

An opportunity for qualified students to earn a
semester of credit in an academic, scientific
and practical experience leading to a realistic
understanding of the sea, sponsored by the
Sea Education Association, Inc. (S.E.A.).

Students spend the first half of the semester
(the six-week shore component) in Woods Hole,
Massachusetts, receiving instruction in ocean-
ography, nautical science and maritime studies.
They then go to sea for the second half of the
semester (the six-week sea component) for a
practical laboratory experience. The program
may be begun at any of six times during the
year. Eckerd College tuition and scholarship
aid often can be applied toward the cost of Sea
Semester and additional aid may be available
from S.E. A. For more information, contact the
Office of International Education and Off-
Campus Programs or Prof. John Ferguson.

Block credit for four courses is awarded for the
successful completion of the five topics listed
below. Students from any major may apply
and this satisfies the Environmental Perspec-
tive requirement.

SMN 301 Oceanography

Survey of the characteristics and processes of
the global ocean. Prerequisite: one semester
of a college laboratory course in a physical or
biological science or its equivalent.

SMN 302 Maritime Studies

A multidisciplinary study of the history, litera-
ture and art of our maritime heritage, and the
political and economic problems of contem-
porary maritime affairs.

SMN 303 Nautical Science

Navigation, naval architecture, ship construc-
tion, marine engineering systems and the
physics of sail.

SMN 304 Practical Oceanography I
(Basic)

Shore component. Introduction to the tools
and techniques of the practicing oceanogra-
pher.

SMN 305 Practical Oceanography II
(Advanced)

Sea component. Individually designed research
project; operation of the vessel.

SENIOR SEMINARS

Capstone Senior seminars are offered within
the collegium or discipline of the student's
major, focusing on the search for solutions to
important issues that students are likely to
confront during their lifetimes. These seminars,
required for Seniors, may be considered as
part of the student's major.

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE COLLEGIUM
ECB 410 The History of Economic Thought

For description see Economics.

MNB 410 Issues in Management

For description see Management.

POB 410 The U.S. and the Vietnam
Experience

For description see Political Science.

PSB 410-A History and Systems

For B.S. psychology majors.

Senior Seminars

PSB410-B Senior Seminar in Psychology

For B.A. psychology majors.
For description see Psychology.

SLB 410 History of Social Thought

For description see Sociology.

CREATIVE ARTS COLLEGIUM

CRA 410 Creative Arts Senior Seminar

(Directed Study available by academic petition)

Various aspects of creativity in the arts. Choices
within limitations (such as censorship), craft,
group interactions, and practical aspects of
the work world.

EDA 410 Issues, Involvement, Integrity

For description see Education.

HDA 410 S elf-Esteem

For description see Human Development.

WWA 410 Writing Workshop Senior
Seminar

For description see Creative Writing.

COMPARATIVE CULTURES
COLLEGIUM

ANC 410 Anthropological Theory

For description see Anthropology.

CUC 410 Comparative Cultures Senior
Seminar

IBC 410 Ethical Issues in World Trade

For description see International Business.

LETTERS COLLEGIUM

LTL 410 Letters Senior Seminar

Examination from an interdisciplinary point
of view of the intellectual, political, cultural
and social changes in this century, and of the
attempts to formulate new paradigms of know-
ledge.

WGL 410 Research Seminar: Women and
Gender

For description see Women's and Gender
Studies.

NATURAL SCIENCES COLLEGIUM

NAN 410 Senior Seminar in the Natural
Sciences

Students will receive one course credit for
participation in Junior and Senior year dis-
cipline seminars, and the joint collegium-wide
seminars during the Senior year, alternating
weekly between discipline and collegium-wide
meetings.

SOCIAL RELATIONS
PERSPECTIVE COURSES

Courses in this perspective are designed to
provide an organized perspective on some
aspect of human social behavior in order to
enhance the student's ability to function as an
effective, responsible and caring member of
society.

AML 306S American Myths, American
Values

AML 307S Rebels with a Cause:
Radicals, Reactionaries and Reformers

AML 308S Becoming Visible: Sex,
Gender and American Culture

For descriptions see American Studies.

ANC 305S Culture and Personality

For description see Anthropology.

CRA 387S Jung, Myth and Lifestyles

Interdisciplinary course combining literature,
personality theory and Jungian psychology,
presents to students psychological and lit-
erary theories of myth and explores how the
understanding of myth gives insights into
human nature.

CSN 210S Computers and Society

For description see Computer Science.

ECB 281S Principles of Microeconomics

ECB 282S Principles of Macroeconomics

ECB 301S Leadership: the Human Side of
Economics

For descriptions see Economics.

EDA/HDA 202S Human Development:
Culture and Identity

Sociology

EDA 337S Images of Schools in Films

For descriptions see Education.

HDA/EDA 202S Human Development:
Culture and Identity

HDA 269S Leisure and Lifestyles

HDA 386S Ethical Issues in Human
Development

For descriptions see Human Development.

HIL 216S Your Family in American
History

HIC 23 IS Revolutions in the Modern
World

HIL 336S Civil Rights Movement

For descriptions see History.

LIA 267S Literature of Healing and Dying

For description see Literature.

LTL 200S American Values: Derivation,
Practice and Principles

Attend weekly ASPEC lectures, participate in
colloquey with speakers and Academy mem-
bers, and then meet in seminar session to
conclude each lecture day's academic work.
Topics will vary from semester to semester.

MNB/PLL 242S Ethics in Management:
Theory and Practice

MNB 275S The Sex Role Revolution in
Management

MNB 32 IS Consumer Behavior and
Consumerism

For descriptions see Management.

PLL 241S Ethics: Tradition and Critique

PLL/MNB 242S Ethics in Management:
Theory and Practice

For descriptions see Philosophy.

POI 2/30 IS Introduction to Contemporary
British Politics

For description see International Education,
London Offerings.

POL 102S Introduction to American
National Government and Politics

For description see Political Science.

PS B 10 IS Introduction to Psychology
PSA 383S Psychology of Consciousness

For descriptions see Psychology.

REL 20 IS Introduction to Religious
Studies

REL 2 10S Introduction to Christian Ethics

REL 22 IS Religion in America

For descriptions see Religious Studies.

SLB 10 IS Introduction to Sociology

SLB 38 IS Racial and Cultural Relations

For descriptions see Sociology.

WGL 20 IS Introduction to Women's and
Gender Studies

For description see Women's and Gender
Studies.

See also Knight Reading Seminars.
SOCIOLOGY

Students of sociology are required to complete
a core of five course requirements with a mini-
mum of C grade in each course. SLB 101S
Introduction to Sociology provides the
foundation of theoretical perspectives, re-
search methods, and substantive areas of in-
vestigation that are shared across the discipline.
BEB 160M Statistical Methods instructs
students in the techniques of quantitative data
analysis. In SLB 260 Qualitative Methods
and SLB 360 Research Design, students
develop an advanced understanding of research
methodologies that includes application to real
world social issues. SLB 410 The History of
Social Thought elaborates sociological theory
in an intensive examination of perspectives for
explaining social behavior. In addition to the
five core requirements, students select six soci-
ology electives toward completion of the eleven
courses in the major. It is also possible for the
student to focus the six electives on specializa-
tion in criminal justice or social interaction.
Sociology concerns the application of scientific
methodologies to the study of diverse aspects
of human conduct. Theories of human behavior
are tested and developed through the collection
and analysis of empirical evidence. The discip-
line strives to provide students with perspec-
tives and methods that may be applied to under-
standing a broad range of social phenomena.

100

Sociology

BEB 160M Statistical Methods

For description see Behavioral Science

SLB 101S Introduction to Sociology

The study of degrees of agreement and dis-
agreement among groups, organizations, insti-
tutions, etc., which exist in society, and what
produces levels of agreement.

SLB 135 Self and Society

Survey of classical and contemporary analyses
of relationship between human self-conscious-
ness and socialization. Each human being is
unique, but each's sense of self is shaped by
others. Prerequisite: SLB 101S.

SLB 221 Juvenile Delinquency

Analyzing juvenile delinquency through exam-
ination of the collective nature of human be-
havior, the function of values and normative
patterns, and social conflict over values and
resources. Prerequisite: SLB 101S.

SLB 224 Criminology

The causes and consequences of crime, the
historical transition of ideas about crime, types
of crime such as street level, organized, cor-
porate, government; the measurement of crime
and criminal deterrence.

SLB 235 Deviance

A survey of sociological research on deviance,
including suicide, nudism, alcoholism, homo-
sexuality, mental illness, prostitution, child
abuse, drug addiction and rape. Prerequisite:
SLB 101S.

SLB/MNB 251 Work and Occupations
SLB/MNB 252 Evaluation Research

For descriptions see Management.

SLB 260 Qualitative Methods

Research practicum on the observation and
analysis of human conduct and experience.
Hands-on experience in field research methods
and sociological inquiry. Prerequisite: SLB
101S.

SLB 324 Introduction to Criminal
Justice

Police, courts and corrections, criminal law,
public attitudes toward crime, discretionary
power of police, capital punishment, adjust-
ments after prison release.

SLB 325 Community Field Experience

Students choose an internship in a community
serving agency such as health rehabilitation,
child and family services, legal services, special
education, working a minimum of ten hours a
week at the agency. Prerequisites: at least
Sophomore standing and permission of in-
structor.

SLB 326 The Family

Family roles such as children, men, women,
spouses, parents, kin examined. Ways in which
family and work life interact. Dynamic changes
in American family structure, and the modern
family.

SLB 335 Social Interaction

A seminar in the study of face-to-face behavior
in public places. The nature of deference and
demeanor, tension between individuality and
social structure, rules governing involvement,
normal appearances, and role distance. Pre-
requisite: BEB 160M and SLB 260.

SLB/MNB 345 Complex Organizations

For description see Management.

SLB 360 Research Design

The techniques and application of social
science research, critical evaluation of research
evidence, designing and administering a group
survey project. Prerequisite: BEB 160M.

SLB/MNB 371 Organizational Behavior
and Leadership

For description see Management.

SLB 38 IS Racial and Cultural Relations

How racial and ethnic identity influence one's
chances for health, education, work and suc-
cess. Main focus is on black/white relations
since the end of slave trading. Prerequisite:
SLB 101S.

101

Theatre

SLB/MNB 405 Human Ecology

For description see Management.

SLB 410 History of Social Thought

Senior seminar for sociology majors. Concepts,
approaches and orientations that have played
a part in shaping the nature of sociology, and
ideas during the 19th and 20th centuries as
sociology matured.

SLB 435 Social Construction of Reality

The processes whereby "society" is manu-
factured such that it becomes a force external
to the dynamics which produced it. Primary
frameworks, the anchoring of activity, legiti-
mation, internalization, selective attention,
typification. Prerequisite: SLB 135 and 260.

SLB/MNB 451 Technology and Society

SLB/MNB 472 Organizational Dynamics

SLB/MNB 482 Proctoring in Organiza-
tional Behavior

For descriptions see Management.

KSB 202P Sociology of Knowledge

For description see Knight Reading
Seminars.

SPANISH

See Modern Languages.

STATISTICS

BEB 160M Statistical Methods

For description see Behavioral Science.

MAN 133 Statistics, an Introduction

For description see Mathematics.

Credit will be given to a student for only
one of the above courses, but not both.

THEATRE

The theatre program has two important func-
tions: to provide the serious and talented
theatre student with the theoretical, historical
and practical fundamentals of the field; and to
serve as a cultural resource for the college and
community. Therefore, anyone is encouraged
to join the creative efforts on-stage and back-
stage, whether student, staff or townsperson.

The academic requirements for theatre majors
are 14 courses in the area which will include
the following core program: The Human In-
strument, Basic Acting, Stagecraft, Theatre
Projects (two semesters), History of Drama (two
semesters), Theatre Beyond Literature, and
Senior Project.

Suggested programs for performance or tech-
nical emphasis:

Freshmen

The Human Instrument
Basic Acting
Dance I (performance)
Stage Lighting (technical)
Living Theatre (alternate)

Sophomores

Stagecraft

Theatre Projects

Character and Scene Study (performance)

Scenography (technical)

Alternates:

Improvisation

Dance II

Musical Theatre

The Lively Arts in London (winter term

abroad)

Juniors

History of Drama I and II

Lighting Design

Theatre Internship

Directing (performance or technical)

Alternates:

Choreography

Scene Design

Costume Design

Seminar in Theatre

Seniors

Theatre Projects

Theatre Beyond Literature

Ensemble Acting (performance)

Senior Project

Alternates:

Lighting Design

Advanced Acting

Advanced Directing

102

Theatre

Each student is expected to concentrate on a
major creative work as a Senior project. Some
time should be spent away from campus on an
apprenticeship in study at a major theatre
center (generally London), or on a special
summer program of participation in the per-
formance arts. The American Stage Company
is based in St. Petersburg and provides pro-
fessional resources for the theatre program.

Students majoring in theatre are expected to
develop the following knowledge and skills:

— acting and movement skills; for majors with
emphasis in performance (acting/directing),
additional in-depth knowledge and skills in
one area, such as dance, singing.

— technical and backstage skills; for majors
with emphasis in production, additional
knowledge and skill in one area, such as
sound, carpentry, costuming.

— functions and responsibilities of profes-
sional theatre staff.

— knowledge of 100 plays, two-thirds classical,
one-third modern, and twenty-five one act
plays.

— knowledge of major Western historical
periods and at least one Eastern theatre
tradition.

— names of important theatrical innovators,
past and present, one source reference book
in each major theatrical field, major pro-
fessional theatre organizations and unions,
theatrical supply houses and leasing agents
for plays, and good graduate schools in the
area of emphasis.

A minor in theatre requires six courses, of
which at least two are at the 200 level or
above.

THA 101 The Human Instrument

Exploration of the potentials for use of the
body, voice, movement, energy, sensory aware-
ness, mind, and psyche through a wide range
of exercises.

THA 102A The Living Theatre

Overview of practical and aesthetic consider-
ations of the theatre arts, along with perfor-
mance and theatre technology. Class critiques
of dramatic productions on campus. Short
scenes performed in class.

THA 161 Stagecraft

Basic principles and procedures for construct-
ing the stage picture. Theatre terms, use of
hand and power tools, set construction, scene
painting, special effects and new products.

THA 162 Stage Lighting

Basic principles and procedures for electricity
and stage lighting. Instruments, terminology,
wiring, drawing light plots, lamps, dimmers,
lighting control equipment.

THA 163 Basic Acting

Development of basic tools of the actor through
reading, discussion, acting excercises and
scene work. Introduction to several approaches
to the craft of acting: Stanislavski, Cohen,
Hagen, Koch, Grotowski. THA 101 recom-
mended.

THA 1/2/366 Theatre Projects

Laboratory experience in performance and
production. Completion of three units chosen
from: production (lights, publicity, costumes,
sound, scenery, props, makeup, management)
and performance (audition repertory, touring,
main-stage, studio, choreography). May be
repeated for credit.

THA 176 Dance I

An introduction to jazz emphasizing strength,
flexibility, and development of a movement
vocabulary. A study of dance history. Active
technique class, with performing opportunity.

THA 202 Improvisation

Introduction to basic techniques of improvi-
sation and theatre games. Should be viewed as
a "laboratory" course. Students work with tech-
niques developed by a variety of theatrical
innovators, with emphasis on controlled crea-
tivity. Permission of instructor required.

THA/LIL 236/7 History of Drama I, II

For description see Literature.

THA 250 (Directed Study) Video
Practicum

For description see THA 261A.

103

Theatre

THA 261 A Video Practicum

Introduction to video camera and recording
equipment, basic composition of the video
picture, taping live action and performance,
and the capabilities of video as a medium.
Students must own a video camera and secure
access to editing equipment through EC-TV.

THA 263 Characterization and Scene
Study

Character development, concentrating on role
analysis, motivation, inter-character relation-
ships, and incorporating improvisational re-
hearsal techniques. Participation in campus
production expected. May be repeated for
credit. Prerequisite: THA 163 or permission
of instructor.

THA 266 Theatre Projects

For description see THA 1/2/366.

THA 267 Musical Theatre Workshop

History and performance technique of the
musical, America's unique contribution to
theatrical arts. Derivation and stylistic devel-
opment of the form; artistic aspects of per-
formance through laboratory production of
scenes.

THA 270 Scenography

Principles for creating the entire theatre envi-
ronment: scenery, lighting, and costume. The-
atre as art, the scenographic process, working
drawings, painting and lighting techniques.

THA 276 Dance II

Study of jazz plus an introduction to dance
composition. Active technique class, dance
composition projects, and performing oppor-
tunity. Prerequisites: Dance I or previous
experience and permission of instructor.

THA 303 Ensemble Theatre

Advanced work with improvisation and group-
theatre. Development of performable work
through improvisation. Should be viewed as a
"laboratory" course. May be repeated for
credit. Permission of instructor required.

THA 322A Communication Arts and
Persuasion

The principles, values, forms and effects of
persuasive public communication. Film and
videotape examples. Experience in analysis,
reasoning, evidence and organization of the
persuasive speech. Not open to Freshmen.

THA 361 Costume Design

The elements, design and construction of stage
costuming. The designer's role, costume per-
iods. Fabrics, sketching, rendering and re-
search. Each student will produce three major
designs. Students are expected to develop
basic sewing skills.

THA 362 Scene Design

Play analysis and research for creating scenic
designs. Drawings, ground plans, renderings,
model making. Each student will produce four
major designs. Prerequisite: THA 161.

THA/LIA 362A Film and Literature

For description see Literature.

THA 363 Lighting Design

Theory and practice of various styles of stage
lighting. Hanging and focusing instruments,
light plots, instrument and dimmer schedules.
Light boards, color media, electricity. Each
student will produce four major designs. Pre-
requisite: THA 162.

THA 366 Theatre Projects

For description see THA 1/2/366.

THA 367 Theatre Internship

Supervised work in college, community and
professional theatre companies on internship
basis. May be repeated for credit. Permission
of instructor required.

THA 372 Directing

Study and practice of play-directing theories
and techniques: analysis of play, rehearsal
process, organizational procedures from script
to production. Productions provide menu for
Lunchbox Theatre Series. Prerequisite: THA
163 or equivalent experience.

104

Western Heritage

THA 377 Choreography

A study of dance composition beginning with
basic elements of movement and culminating
in a student work. Performing opportunity.
Prerequisites: Dance II, or previous experience
and permission of instructor.

THA 382A Theatre Beyond Literature

Theatrical as opposed to purely literary values
in Eastern and Western culture, and the forces
that contributed to the development of various
styles of presentation in each distinct historical
period, with a key script from each period.

THA 450 (Directed Study) Alternative
Theatre

Exploration of major types of non-traditional
theatre forms of the past 30 years, and pro-
duction techniques appropriate to those
forms. Permission of instructor.

THA 499 Senior Project

Theatre majors are required to submit, in the
second semester of the Junior year, a proposal
for a project in their area of emphasis. The
proj ect, to be completed in the Senior year, is a
synthesis of the student's academic and prac-
tical experience, and an opportunity to demon-
strate knowledge and evaluate the final project.
Some possible choices are acting, directing,
design and playwriting. A three-member facul-
ty committee evaluates the final project.

CRA 201 A Triartic Aesthetics or
Understanding the Arts

For description see Aesthetic Perspective
Courses.

VISUAL ARTS

See Art.

THA 465 Special Projects in Design

Execution of a scene, lighting or costume design
for a major full-length production or series of
one-act plays. Prerequisite: THA 361, 362 or
363 or permission of instructor. May be re-
peated for credit.

THA 466 Advanced Acting Styles

Greek, Roman, Medieval, Commedia, Shake-
spearean, Restoration, Naturalistic and Mo-
dern acting styles: movement, timing, language,
rhythm. Daily scene work, research in each
period, play readings, final performance in
each style. Prerequisite: THA 163 or consent
of instructor.

THA 467 Projects in Acting

Performance of a major role in a full length
play, or of several smaller roles, accompanied
by an in-depth study of various tactics for
characterization, applicable to the role in
question. May be repeated for credit. Pre-
requisite: THA 266, or permission of instructor.

THA 473 Advanced Directing

Develop a personal directing style to meet the
requirements of a given script, whether period
or modern piece. Each director prepares at
least two examples for an audience. Critique
discussions. Prerequisite: THA 372.

WESTERN HERITAGE

WHF 181 Western Heritage I

The first course in general education intro-
duces values through the study of the Sumer-
ian, Greek, Roman and Medieval worlds, using
masterworks of Western civilization.

WHF 182 Western Heritage II

Exploring the Renaissance, the Enlighten-
ment, the 19th and 20th centuries, through
literature, the arts, scientific accomplish-
ments, and other major intellectual endeavors.

WHF/CUC 183C U.S. Area Studies

Open to international students only. A con-
temporary view of the U.S. and a limited survey
of its past, size and diversity. Required for all
degree-seeking international students.

WHF 184 Western Heritage (Honors)

The Freshman course for students in the
Honors Program. Students meet weekly for
the academic year and are awarded a course
credit. Admission is by application to the
Honors Program Director.

105

Women's and Gender Studies

WINTER TERM PROJECTS

Descriptions of winter term projects are pub-
lished in a separate brochure.

WOMEN'S AND GENDER
STUDIES

Women's and gender studies is an interdis-
ciplinary major exploring the creation, meaning
and perpetuation of gender in human societies,
both past and present. It is also an inquiry into
women's material, cultural and economic pro-
duction, their collective undertakings and self-
descriptions. The women's and gender studies
major seeks to provide opportunities for:

— acquiring breadth of learning and integra-
ting knowledge across academic disciplines.

— developing an understanding and respect
for the integrity of self and others.

— learning to communicate effectively.

— developing the knowledge, abilities, appre-
ciation and motivations which are liberating
men and women.

— serious encounters with the values dimen-
sions of individual growth and social inter-
action.

Majors develop integrative skill competencies
in bibliographic instruction, writing excellence,
close reading of texts, creative problem solving,
small group communication, oral communica-
tion, and expressive awareness.

Students majoring in women's and gender stu-
dies take a minimum of ten courses including
WGL 2 1 S and WGL 4 1 and eight additional
courses in three disciplines in consultation
with their Mentors. Five of these courses must
be at the 300 level or above. Majors must
successfully pass a Senior comprehensive
examination or, if invited by the faculty, write
a Senior thesis.

For a minor in women's and gender studies,
students take five courses including WGL 20 IS
and WGL 410. Three of the five courses must
be at the 300 level or above. WGL 410 does
not replace the collegial or discipline
Senior Seminar for students who are
minoring in women's and gender studies.

WGL 20 IS Introduction to Women's and
Gender Studies

Issues involved in the social and historical
construction of gender and gender roles from
an interdisciplinary perspective. Human gender
differences, male and female sexualities, re-
lationship between gender, race and class.

WGL 410 Research Seminar: Women and
Gender

Senior Seminar designed to integrate the inter-
disciplinary work of the major. Students work
in collaborative research groups to read and
critique each others work and produce a pre-
sentation that reflects interdisciplinary views
on a women/gender issue. Focus on methodol-
ogies of the various disciplines and on research
methods.

Descriptions of the following courses in the
major are found in the disciplinary listings:

AMERICAN STUDIES

AML 307S Rebels with a Cause: Radicals,
Reactionaries and Reformers

AML 308S Becoming Visible: Sex, Gender
and American Culture

ANTRHOPOLOGY

ANC 208 Human Sexuality

FRENCH

FRC 404 Themes in French Literature

HISTORY

HIL 321 Women in Modern America: The
Hand that Cradles the Rock

HIL 323 From the Flapper to Rosie the
Riveter: History of Women in the U.S.
1920-45

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

HDA 204 Socialization: A Study of Gender

Issues

HDA 209 Childhood Roles and Family

Systems

LITERATURE

LIL 305A Woman as Metaphor
LIL 312 Literature by Women
LIA 380A Images of the Goddess

106

Writing Workshop

LIL 441 Twentieth Century Literary Theory

PHILOSOPHY

PLL 24 IS Ethics: Tradition and Critique

PLL 244 Social and Political Philosophy

PLL 312 American Philosophy

PLL 331/2 Philosophy of Gender

PLL 342 20th Century Philosophical
Movements

PLL 403 Contemporary Philosophical
Methodology: Feminist Theory

PSYCHOLOGY

PSB 202 Psychology of Childhood and
Adolescence

PSB 203 Psychology of Adulthood and
Aging

RELIGIOUS STUDIES

REL 205 Varieties of Biblical
Interpretation

REL 329 Liberation Theology

REL 441 New Testament Perspectives on
Contemporary Issues

REL 361 Contemporary Christian Thought

SOCIOLOGY

SLB 326 The Family

The following courses are currently being
developed: Gender and Economics, The Gen-
dered Critique of Rhetoric, Women in Cross
Cultural Perspectives, Spanish Women Writers.

WRITING WORKSHOP

See Creative Writing.

107

108

AUTUMN TERM PROJECTS FOR FRESHMEN

FOUNDATIONS COLLEGIUM

Autumn term is a three-week introduction to
college life for Freshmen, consisting of one
academic project, plus orientation, testing,
and registration. New students choose from
among fifteen or more courses offered by the
professors who thus become their Mentors
(advisers) and their Western Heritage instruc-
tors for the Freshman year. Typical autumn
term offerings in recent years have included
Women and Fiction, Food in History, Geology
of Beaches, The Computer: Slave or Master,
Health Psychology, and The Sociology of Sex
Roles. See the autumn term brochure available
from Foundations or Admissions.

FDF 1 Living in the USA (especially for
international students)

Introduction to living in the U.S. and Florida,
analyzing everyday problems, college living,
comparative customs, systems, attitudes,
American literature, health care, legal matters,
sports, working, education, religion, politics,
improving language skills. Resource people,
field trips. Daily journal, analytical papers,
final project reflecting autumn term exper-
iences.

WINTER TERM PROJECTS

Winter term provides the opportunity for
study concentrated on a single topic. Neither
regular semester nor directed study courses
are taken as winter term projects. Off -campus
independent study proj ects may be taken only
by students above Freshman standing for whom
the off-campus location is essential to the nature
of the project itself.

Descriptions of winter term projects are pub-
lished in a separate brochure, available about
June 1 of each year. The winter term brochure
contains complete information on registration
and other procedures related to winter term.
Additions and corrections to the winter term
projects listing are published early in the fall
semester.

As an indication of the range of educational
opportunities available through Eckerd Col-
lege during the winter term, the following is a
list of project titles offered in the past.

On Campus: Theatre Production; Music in
the Twenty-First Century; Subcultures and

Deviance; Psychology and Medicine; Opera-
tion Enterprise (American Management As-
sociation); Management in the Year 2000;
Human Ecology; The Energy Problem: Now
and the Future; The Economics of Public
Issues; Speaking Russian; Developing Ex-
pository Writing; The South in American
History; The Art of Biography; The New
Religions; Perspectives on Violence; Florida's
Exotic Plant Life; The Basics of Color Photo-
graphy; Mathematical Modeling; Computer
Project; Chemistry, The Environment and the
Future.

Off-Campus: Greece: The Birthplace of Civili-
zation; The Lively Arts in London; Paris: A
Cultural and Linguistic Perspective; Geology:
Geophysics of Volcanoes in Hawaii; Inter-
national Banking in the Caribbean (Cayman
Islands); The Dry Tortugas Expedition on the
Brig Unicorn; The Art and Architecture of
Renaissance Florence and Venice; Mexico:
Language and/or Culture; Shapes of the Land
of Enchantment (New Mexico).

109

CAMPUS AND STUDENT LIFE

At Eckerd, learning and standards are not
viewed as restricted to the classroom. The col-
lege cherishes the freedom that students exper-
ience in the college community and in the
choices they make concerning their own per-
sonal growth. At the same time, each student,
as a member of a Christian community of
learners, is expected to contribute to this com-
munity and to accept and live by its values and
standards: commitment to truth and excellence;
devotion to knowledge and understanding;
sensitivity to the rights and needs of others;
belief in the inherent worth of all human beings
and respect for human differences; contempt
for dishonesty, prejudice and destructiveness.
Just as Eckerd intends that its students shall

be competent givers throughout their lives,
it expects that giving shall be the hallmark of
behavior and relationships in college life. Just
as Eckerd seeks to provide each student with
opportunities for learning and excellence, each
student is expected to play a significant part in
the vitality and integrity of the college com-
munity.

As an expression of willingness to abide by
these standards every student upon entering
Eckerd College is expected to sign a promise
to uphold the statement of Shared Commit-
ment that guides student life on campus. For a
full decription of the Shared Commitment,
see page 4.

110

THE CITY

St. Petersburg is a vibrant city in its own right,
and St. Petersburg, Tampa, and Clearwater
together form a metropolitan area of over one
million people with all the services and cultural
facilities of any area this size.

St. Petersburg and nearby cities offer art mu-
seums, symphony orchestras, and professional
theatre, in addition to road show engagements
of Broadway plays, rock concerts, circuses, ice
shows, and other attractions for a full range of
entertainment.

The St. Louis Cardinals baseball team main-
tains headquarters in St. Petersburg for spring
training, and there are major golf and tennis
tournaments in the area. Professional football
fans can follow the Tampa Bay Buccaneers,
and professional soccer fans, the Tampa Bay
Rowdies.

Southern Ocean Racing Conference sailing
races are held every year, as well as many
regattas for sail and power boats. Fine public
beaches on the Gulf of Mexico are within bi-
cycling distance of the Eckerd College campus,
as are public golf courses.

St. Petersburg has a pleasant semi-tropical
climate with a normal average temperature of
73.5 degree F. and annual rainfall of 51.2
inches.

THE CAMPUS

Situated in a suburban area at the southwest
tip of the peninsula on which St. Petersburg is
located, Eckerd's campus is large and un-
crowded — 267 acres with over 1V4 miles of
waterfront on Boca Ciega Bay and French-
man's Creek. There are three small lakes on
the campus, and the chapel is on an island in
one of them. The 66 air-conditioned buildings
were planned to provide a comfortable envi-
ronment for learning in the Florida climate.
Professors and students frequently forsake their
classrooms and gather outdoors in the sunshine
or under a pine tree's shade. Outdoor activities
are possible all year; cooler days during the
winter are not usually severe.

RESIDENTIAL LIFE

Eckerd College has eight residential complexes,
each consisting of four houses that accommo-
date 34-36 students. Most of the student resi-
dences overlook the water. Each house has a
student Resident Adviser who is available for
basic academic or personal counseling and is

generally responsible for the house operation.
Residence houses are self-governed.

STUDENT GOVERNMENT

Activities, projects, and programs developed
and financed in the student sector are managed
by the Eckerd College Organization of Students
(ECOS), whose membership consists of all
matriculating students, full and part-time, at
Eckerd. Each year, ECOS is responsible for the
allocation of student fees for co-curricular
activities.

STUDENT ACTIVITIES

Eckerd believes that student life should be as
full and rich as possible, both inside and outside
of the classroom. We provide a broad range of
campus activities — and if you cannot find
something that suits your interests, we encour-
age you to start a new group of your own. Your
free time can be as interesting and rewarding
as you want to make it.

BROWN HALL
COLLEGE CENTER

The College Center serves as the hub for recre-
ational and social activities. The facilities in-
clude a snack bar, gameroom, conversation
lounge, seven foot television, and Pub. The
College Center provides the opportunity for
student directed programs and committees to
develop activities and services for the Eckerd
community.

ENTERTAINMENT AND
CULTURAL ACTIVITIES

The College Program Series, jointly planned
by students, faculty and administration, is
designed to enhance the intellectual, religious
and cultural life of the college community
through bringing well known scholars, artists
and distinguished Americans to the campus
each semester.

The Student Activities Board sponsors movies,
coffee house programs, dances, and concerts
featuring local and nationally known artists,
and is a co-sponsor of the annual Black Sym-
posium and Black History week.

The music, art, and theatre disciplines sponsor
a number of events throughout the year. There
are student and faculty recitals, programs from
the concert choir and chamber ensemble,

111

exhibitions by student and faculty artists,
dance performances, and a series of plays
produced by the theatre workshops.

STUDENT PUBLICATIONS

Publications are funded by the Student Associ-
ation and fully controlled by the students
themselves. Student media include the Triton
Tribune, the student newspaper, WECR, the
campus radio station, EC-TV, the campus tele-
vision station; The Siren, a literary magazine
featuring artwork, prose, and poetry by mem-
bers of the entire campus community; The
EC-Book, the student handbook, and a year
book.

ORGANIZATIONS AND CLUBS

If there is enough student interest to form a
club, one may easily be chartered. Organiza-
tions which have been student-initiated include
the Afro-American Society, Biology Club,
Circle K, College Bowl Society, International
Students, Pre-Law Club, Big Brothers/Big
Sisters, the Triton Sailing, Waterskiing and
Boardsailing Teams, and Athletic Boosters.

RELIGIOUS LIFE

The College Chaplain directs the Campus
Ministry Program, a joint effort of students,
faculty and staff. The program provides religious
activities in a Christian context and assists
individuals and groups of other religious per-
suasions to arrange their own activities. Worship
services, special speakers and emphasis weeks,
small group studies, service projects and fel-
lowship activities are provided through the
program. The Chaplain serves as minister to
students, faculty and staff, is available for
counseling or consultation, and works closely
with the Student Affairs staff to enhance the
quality of campus life.

Regardless of your background, you are en-
couraged to explore matters of faith and
commitment as an integral part of your educa-
tional experience. We believe that personal
growth and community life are significantly
strenghtened by encounter with the claims of
the Christian faith and the values of the Judaeo-
Christian tradition.

WATERFRONT PROGRAM

Eckerd's Waterfront Program, one of the largest
collegiate watersports programs in the south-
eastern U.S., is one of the most exciting recrea-
tional opportunities on the campus. The facil-
ities, located on Frenchman's Creek, include a
new Waterfront Activities Center which houses
offices, classrooms, a communication center,
restrooms, and gear storage rooms. Additional
facilities include boathouse, support buildings,
docks, ramp, maintenance hoist, fishing, snor-
keling, and competitive waterskiing equipment,
a fleet of sailboats, canoes, sailboards, and a
Correct Craft Ski Nautique. If you own a boat,
you can arrange to store or dock it here.

A unique feature of the Eckerd Waterfront is
the community member's ability to use the
facilities without membership in a formal club
or organization. There are, however, many clubs
and teams sponsored by the Waterfront for
those interested. The Triton Sailing Team
sails in sloop and single-hand competitions
against schools from North Carolina through
Florida in SAISA (the South Atlantic Inter-
collegiate Sailing Association), while the Triton
Boardsailing Team competes in regattas both
in and out of the collegiate circuit. Members of
the Triton Waterski Team compete in trick,
slalom, and jump events against schools through-
out the Southern Conference.

One of the Waterfront's unique student organ-
izations is Eckerd College Search and Rescue
(EC-SAR) which is a highly trained group of
students and alumni who provide maritime
search and rescue services to the Tampa Bay
boating community. Working closely with the
U.S. Coast Guard and many local and state
agencies, members give a high level of dedica-
tion, skill and commitment to public service
and have received many national and local
awards and commendations.

Waterfront classes are offered throughout the
school year. Sailing classes are taught at all
levels on both small sloops and larger sailboats.
Normal class offerings include beginning and
intermediate sailing, boardsailing, and scuba
diving which is arranged through an area dive
shop. Informal dockside instruction is offered
during the afternoons by waterfront staff and
volunteers.

112

COUNSELING SERVICES

There will be times during your college career
when you will want advice. For academic advice
the place to start is with your Mentor or with
any of your professors. You are welcome to
seek the counsel of any administrator in Student
Affairs or elsewhere. The Counseling Center
provides both individual and group counseling
for students who are experiencing personal
problems or would like to improve their level
of personal well-being. Counseling may provide
support for individual growth, improving skills
in handling relationships, and exploring stress
management techniques. The Counseling Center
is staffed with two part-time psychologists
capable of skilled listening, understanding and
assistance. For further clarification of counseling
services, please refer to The EC-Book.

HEALTH SERVICES

Eckerd's medical service is a member of the
American College Health Association and dir-
ected by a physician who is at the Health Center
two hours every Monday through Friday. A
registered nurse is on duty 8 a.m. to 10:30 p.m.,

Monday through Friday. Students in need of
treatment after these hours contact their
Resident Advisers or Campus Security for
assistance, or go directly to a hospital emer-
gency room, or call 911 if emergency care is
needed. Medicine may be charged to the stu-
dent's account. The college notifies parents
when community hospitalization is necessary,
with the consent of the student.

All students must file an official health form as
part of the admissions procedure. Treatment
in the Health Center may not be available until
this form is received. All students must have
health insurance coverage in order to be en-
rolled in the college. They must either show
proof of insurance or sign up for the student
insurance plan available to them through the
college for a fee.

More detailed information about health ser-
vices programs is available in the Health Center.

113

MINORITY STUDENTS

As evidence of its active commitment to recruit
and encourage minority students, Eckerd
supports a number of programs in this field.
Visits to the campus give minority students
who are considering Eckerd College a chance
to view the college, visit the faculty, live in the
residence halls, and talk with other students.

The Afro-American Society helps plan a
full range of programs for its members and the
campus community, including Black History
Month. The office of Minority Student Affairs
is available to provide assistance for any special
needs of minority students.

DAY STUDENTS

Students who are married, are over 22 years of
age, or who live with their family are provided
with campus post office boxes to receive
communications. Opportunities for participa-
tion in campus sports, activities, cultural
events, and student government (ECOS), are
available to day students and are coordinated
and communicated by the Day Student Pro-
gram. All cars, motorcycles, and bicycles are
registered by the Campus Security staff.

114

ATHLETICS FOR
MEN AND WOMEN

Eckerd College is a member of the National
Collegiate Athletic Association. Men play a
full intercollegiate schedule in baseball, bas-
ketball, cross country, golf, soccer and tennis.
Women's intercollegiate sports include bas-
ketball, cross country, golf, Softball, tennis and
volleyball. Cross country and golf are co-edu-
cational sports. The college is a member of the
Sunshine State Conference, and both men and
women play NCAA Division II competition.

Intramural sports are organized as competi-
tion among houses. Day students compete with
house teams. All students are eligible to par-
ticipate in the wide range of intramural activ-
ities, which include football, softball, soccer,
volleyball, basketball, tennis, billiards, table
tennis, street hockey, bowling and chess. In
addition, sports clubs may be organized around
swimming, sailing and canoeing. The McArthur
Physical ELducation Center houses locker
rooms, Physical Education faculty offices, two
basketball courts, a weight room, four bad-
minton courts, and three volleyball courts, a
swimming pool, and areas of open space where
you can practice your golf swing. An exercise-
fitness course winds through the campus.

ADMISSION

Eckerd College seeks academically qualified
students of various backgrounds, national and
ethnic origins. Further, we seek students who
show promise for making positive contribu-
tions to members of the Eckerd College com-
munity. When you apply, we will look at your
academic performance in liberal arts courses
(mathematics, science, social studies, English,
foreign languages, creative arts). We will also
consider your performance on the college en-
trance examinations (ACT or SAT). Students
whose native language is not English can choose
to replace the ACT or SAT with the TOEFL
examination. Achievement tests are not re-
quired but are highly recommended. Your
potential for personal and academic develop-
ment is important and in this respect we will
look closely at your personal essay, record of
activities and recommendations from your
counselors or teachers. Admissions decisions
are made on a rolling basis beginning in Octo-
ber and continuing through the academic year
for the following fall. Students considering
mid-year admission for either winter term
(January) or spring semester (February) are
advised to complete application procedures
by December 1. Applicants for fall entry
should complete procedures by April 1.

APPLICATION PROCEDURES
FOR FRESHMEN

1. Request application forms in Junior year
or early in Senior year from Dean of Ad-
missions.

2. Complete and return your application to
the Dean of Admissions, with an application
fee of $25 (non-refundable) at least two
months prior to the desired entrance date.
Students who are financially unable to pay
the $25 application fee will have the fee
waived upon request. Eckerd College ac-
cepts the Common Application in lieu of
its own form and gives equal consideration
to both.

3. Request the guidance department of the
secondary school from which you will be
graduated to send an academic transcript
and personal recommendation to: Dean of
Admissions, Eckerd College, 4200 - 54th
Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida
33711.

4. Arrange to take the Scholastic Aptitude
Test, offered by the College Entrance
Examination Board or the ACT Test Bat-
tery, offered by the American College
Testing Program. Take your test in spring
of Junior year or early fall of Senior year.

FRESHMAN ADMISSION

High school Juniors and Seniors considering
Eckerd College should have taken a college
preparatory curriculum. Our preference is for
students who have taken four units of English,
three or more units each of mathematics,
sciences and social studies, and at least two
units of a foreign language. Although no single
criterion is used as a determinant for accep-
tance and we have no automatic "cutoff"
points, the great majority of students who gain
admission to Eckerd College have a high
school average of B or better in their college
preparatory courses and have scored in the
top 25 percent of college-bound students
taking the ACT or SAT.

TRANSFER ADMISSION

Eckerd College welcomes students from other
colleges, universities, junior and community
colleges that have earned full regional accred-
itation. Applicants are expected to be in good
standing at the institution last attended and
eligible to return to that institution.

APPLICATION PROCEDURES
FOR TRANSFER ADMISSION

1. Complete and return application form to
the Dean of Admissions with an applica-
tion fee of $25 (non-refundable) at least two
months prior to the desired entrance date
(see calendar for various entry points).

2. Request that official college transcripts be
sent to us from every college or university
you have attended.

3. Send us a record of college entrance exams
(SAT or ACT). This may be waived upon
request for students who have completed
at least one year of college work.

115

4. Request a letter of recommendation from
one of your college professors.

5. If you have been out of high school for less
than two years, we will need a copy of your
high school transcript.

EVALUATION AND AWARDING
OF TRANSFER CREDIT

After you have been accepted for admission
your transcript will be forwarded to the college
Registrar for credit evaluation.

With regard to the transfer of credits from
other regionally accredited institutions, it is
the policy of Eckerd College to:

1. Award block two-year credit to students
who have earned an Associate of Arts de-
gree with a cumulative grade point average
of at least 2.0; or

2. Accept, for transfer students without As-
sociate of Arts degrees, only those appro-
priate courses in which grades of C or
higher were earned. Transfer credits will
be awarded for courses with comparable
titles, descriptions, and contents to Eckerd
College courses.

3. Accept a maximum of 63 semester hours of
transfer credit since the last two academic
years of study for an Eckerd College degree
must be completed at Eckerd.

Therefore, all transfer students to Eckerd
College will have cumulative grade point aver-
ages of at least 2.0 in courses accepted from
other institutions toward an Eckerd College
degree. This policy statement covers practices
in both the residential college and the PEL
program.

Applicants who have earned credits more than
five years ago, or whose earlier academic records
are unavailable or unusual are requested to
direct special inquiry to the Admissions Office.

PROCEDURES AFTER
ACCEPTANCE

All students who have been accepted for
admission are asked to deposit a $100 accep-
tance fee, within thirty days of acceptance or
within thirty days of a financial aid award. This
fee is refundable until May 1 for fall appli-
cants, but is not refundable for mid-year
applicants. Students who are accepted after

November 15 for mid-year entry or after
April 15 for fall entry will be expected to reply
within fifteen days of acceptance with a $100
non-refundable fee. The acceptance fee is
applied toward tuition costs and credited to
the student's account.

A Student Information Form and a Health
Form are sent to all accepted students. The
Student Information Form should be returned
within two weeks of acceptance or should
accompany the acceptance fee. This form
enables us to begin planning for needs of the
entering class of residential and commuting
students.

The Health Form should be completed by
your personal physician and forwarded to the
Admissions office prior to the enrollment
date.

EQUIVALENCY CERTIFICATES

Students who have not completed a high
school program but who have taken the General
Education Development (GED) examinations
may be considered for admission. In addition
to submitting GED test scores, students will
also need to supply ACT or SAT test results.

ADMISSIONS INTERVIEW

Students considering Eckerd College are
strongly urged to visit the campus and have an
interview with an admissions counselor. We
also encourage you to visit a class and meet
students and faculty members. An interview is
not a required procedure for admission but is
always a most beneficial step for you the stu-
dent, as well as for those of us who evaluate
your candidacy.

EARLY ADMISSION

Eckerd College admits a few outstanding stu-
dents who wish to enter college directly after
their Junior year in high school. In addition to
regular application procedures outlined above,
early admission candidates must submit a
personal letter explaining reasons for early
admission; request two letters of recommenda-
tion from an English and a mathematics
teacher; and come to campus for an interview
with an admissions counselor.

116

DEFERRED ADMISSION

A student who has been accepted for admission
for a given term may request to defer enroll-
ment for up to one year. Requests should be
addressed to the Dean of Admissions.

International students may not use CLEP to
receive college credit for elementary or inter-
mediate foreign language in their native tongue.

CLEP results should be sent to the Dean of
Admissions.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT

Eckerd College awards course credit on the
basis of scores on the Advanced Placement
examinations administered by the College
Entrance Examination Board. Students who
have obtained scores of four or five will auto-
matically be awarded credit. Scores of three
are recorded on the student's permanent tran-
script and are referred to the faculty of the
appropriate discipline for recommendations
concerning credit. Applicants who seek ad-
vanced placement should have examination
results sent to the Dean of Admissions.

COLLEGE LEVEL
EXAMINATION PROGRAM

Course credit will also be awarded on the basis
of scores received on the College Level Exam-
ination Program (CLEP). Credit is awarded
only for the following:

SCALED

SCORE FOR MAXIMUM

AWARDING SEMESTER

EXAMINATION

CREDIT

American Government

3.5 hours

American History I

3.5 hours

American History II

3.5 hours

Calculus

7.0 hours

College Algebra

3.5 hours

College Algebra-

Trigonometry

3.5 hours

Educational Psychology

3.5 hours

French

7.0 hours

General Biology

7.0 hours

General Chemistry

7.0 hours

General Psychology

3.5 hours

German

7.0 hours

Human Growth and

Development

3.5 hours

Introductory Accounting

3.5 hours

Introductory

Macroeconomics

3.5 hours

Introductory

Microeconomics

3.5 hours

Introductory Marketing

3.5 hours

Introductory Sociology

3.5 hours

Spanish

7.0 hours

Trigonometry

3.5 hours

Western Civilization I

3.5 hours

Western Civilization II

3.5 hours

INTERNATIONAL
BACCALAUREATE PROGRAM

Eckerd College will confer Sophomore stand-
ing to students who have completed the full
International Baccalaureate and who have
earned grades of 5 or better in their three
Higher Level subjects. IB students who do not
earn the full Diploma may receive credit for
Higher Level subjects in which grades of 5 or
better were earned in the examinations.

INTERNATIONAL STUDENT
ADMISSION

Eckerd College enrolls students from more
than fifty countries. Some are native speakers
of English; many are not. In all cases, the Ad-
missions and Scholarship Committee gives
special attention to the evaluation of students
who have completed their secondary education
abroad. Candidates whose native language is
not English should submit the TOEFL scores
in lieu of SAT or ACT scores. Ordinarily, inter-
national students will not be admitted unless
they score a minimum of 550 on the TOEFL
exam and/or complete level 109 instruction in
the ELS Language Center program.

117

APPLICATION PROCEDURE FOR
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

1. Complete and return the application form
with an application fee of $25 (non-refund-
able) at least three months prior to the
desired entrance date.

2. Request that official secondary school re-
cords be sent to us. We will need to receive
an explanation of the grading system.

3. Transfer applicants should submit official
university records with an explanation of
the grading system.

4. Results of the Test of English as a Foreign
Language (TOEFL) for non-native stu-
dents of English should be submitted.
Others are urged to take SAT or ACT.

5. Complete a certified statement of financial
responsibility indicating that adequate
funds are available to cover educational
costs.

INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMAS

The following international diplomas are
accepted for consideration of admission with
advanced standing:

The General Certificate of Education of
the British Commonwealth. Students with
successful scores in "A" level examinations
may be considered for advanced placement.

The International Baccalaureate Diploma

may qualify a candidate for placement as a
Sophomore.

READMISSION OF STUDENTS

If you have previously enrolled at Eckerd
College and wish to return you should write or
call the Dean of Students office. It will not be
necessary for you to go through admission
procedures again. However, if you have been
enrolled at another college or university you
will need to submit a transcript of courses
taken there.

FINANCIAL AID

All students accepted for admission to Eckerd
College who are U.S. citizens or permanent
residents are eligible to receive aid if they
demonstrate financial need. For institutional
awards priority is given on the basis of grades,
test scores, recommendations, and special
talents. Most students receive an "aid
package" consisting of scholarship, grant,
loan, and campus employment. In many cases,
the financial aid package offered to a student
may reduce out-of-pocket tuition payment to
less than would be paid at a state college or
university. Eckerd College makes every effort
to help a student develop financial plans that
will make attendance possible.

APPLICATION PROCEDURES
FOR FINANCIAL AID

Decisions regarding financial assistance can
be made upon admission to the college, and
receipt of the necessary financial aid creden-
tials: Financial Aid Form (FAF) of the College
Scholarship Service or the Family Financial
Statement (FFS) of the American College
Testing Service.

Transfer students must submit a Financial
Aid Transcript from each prior school regard-
less of whether aid was received. The forms
may be obtained from the Eckerd College
Financial Aid office and must be returned
before an award may be released.

Any student who has resided in Florida for 12
consecutive months should complete and file
an application for a Florida Student Assistance
Grant. Application is made through the sub-
mission of the FFS or FAF by answering the
appropriate Florida questions.

Many of the sources of financial aid admin-
istered by Eckerd College are controlled by
governmental agencies external to the college.
Examples of programs of this type are Pell
Grants, Supplemental Educational Opportu-
nity Grants (SEOG), Florida Student Assist-
ance Grants (FSAG), Florida Tuition Voucher,
Stafford Loans, (formerly Guaranteed Student
Loans), Perkins Loans (formerly National
Direct Student Loans), and the College Work
Study Program (CWSP). To receive a current
pamphlet concerning these programs, write or
contact the Office of Financial Aid, Eckerd
College, 4200 54th Avenue South, St. Peters-
burg, Florida 33711.

118

To be considered for any financial aid through
Eckerd College, whether the merit awards
listed in this catalog or any need-based assis-
tance from the college or federal and state
governments, it is necessary that you submit
an American College Testing Family Finan-
cial Statement (FFS) or the College Scholar-
ship Service Financial Aid Form (FAF). These
forms are available in the guidance department
of the school you are currently attending. It is
important to mail the FFS or FAF by March 1.
Indicate on the form that a copy of the analysis
be sent to Eckerd College, check the appro-
priate box for FSAG, and include the fee as
indicated.

APPLICATION PROCEDURES
FOR FINANCIAL AID
FOLLOWING READMISSION

When you apply to Eckerd College for readmis-
sion after a period of time away from the college,
you should contact the Financial Aid office to
determine your eligibility for all financial aid
programs.

If you previously received financial assistance
at Eckerd College or plan to apply for financial
aid prior to readmission, you will need to com-
plete the following steps:

1. Obtain a Financial Aid Transcript from the
Financial Aid office of each college you
have attended since leaving Eckerd College.

2. Ensure that your obligations for Stafford
Loan or Perkins Loan payments are being
met. If you leave Eckerd College for one
semester, your six month grace period will
likely expire. Thereafter, you will have loan
payments due which must be paid before
receiving assistance again on readmission.

3. You must enroll as a full-time student to
apply for a deferment (postponement) of
your student loan payments. During the
months you are not enrolled full time, in-
cluding summer, loan payments may be-
come due.

4. Obtain deferment form(s) from your len-
der(s) to submit to the Registrar at Eckerd
College. The Registrar will verify your
enrollment status to your lender(s). Defer-
ment forms must be requested and sub-
mitted at least annually.

5. All prior debts to Eckerd College must be
satisfied before any financial assistance
may be released.

FINANCIAL AID STANDARDS
OF SATISFACTORY PROGRESS

Most financial aid programs require specific
academic achievements for renewal as follows:

1. Institutional

2.0 Cumulative GPA:

Church and Campus Scholarship

Eckerd College Grant

Faculty Tuition Remission

Ministerial Courtesy

Special Talent
3.0 Cumulative GPA:

Eckerd College Honors

National Merit Special Honors

Thomas Presidential Scholarship

Selby Scholarship

2. Florida Programs

a. Florida Undergraduate Scholars: 3.2
Cum. GPA and 24 semester hours per
year; up to nine semesters.

b. Florida College Career Work Experi-
ence Program: 2.0 Cum. GPA.

c. Florida Student Assistance Grant: 2.0
Cum. GPA and 24 semester hours per
year; up to nine semesters.

d. Florida Tuition Voucher: 2.0 Cum.
GPA; and 24 semester hours per year;
up to nine semesters.

e. Florida Critical Teacher Shortage
Scholarship Loan (for students plan-
ning to become elementary and second-
ary school teachers): 2.0 Cum. GPA
and 24 semester hours per year; up to
four semesters.

f. Florida "Chappie" James Teacher
Scholarship Program (for students
planning to become elementary and
secondary teachers): 2.5 Cum. GPA
and 24 semester hours per year; up to
eight semester hours.

g. Paul Douglas Teacher Scholarship
Program: 3.0 Cum. GPA.

h. Florida Challenger Astronauts Mem-
orial Undergraduate Scholarship Pro-
gram: 2.8 Cum. GPA and 24 semester
hours per year.

i. Florida Vocational Gold Seal Endorse-
ment Program: 3.2 Cum. GPA and 24
semester hours per year.

119

3. Federal Programs

Students who receive any Federal Title IV
aid for the first time after July 1, 1987
must maintain a cumulative GPA at the
end of the second and third academic years
at Eckerd College that is consistent with
requirements for graduation.

Federal Title IV aid programs to which
these standards apply include: Pell Grants,
Supplemental Educational Opportunity
Grants (SEOG), College Work-Study
(CWS) Perkins Loans (formerly National
Direct Student Loans), Stafford Loans
(formerly Guaranteed Student Loans),
PLUS Loans, Supplemental Loans for
Students (SLS).

In addition, all financial aid recipients must
abide by Eckerd College's satisfactory aca-
demic progress standards to continue receiving
assistance. If you are placed on probation by
the Academic Review Committee you will
automatically be placed on financial aid pro-
bation, but may continue receiving assistance.
If you are dismissed by the Academic Review
Committee, you may no longer receive assis-
tance. Guidelines concerning probation, dis-
missal and reinstatement are outlined in this
catalog in the section entitled "Standards of
Satisfactory Academic Progress." Appeals to
financial aid probation and dismissal may be
addressed to the Financial Aid Appeals Com-
mittee which will act in consultation with the
Academic Review Committee.

ECKERD COLLEGE
SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMS

PRESIDENTIAL SCHOLARSHIPS

The Presidential Scholarships are a recognition
of outstanding merit without regard to finan-
cial need. Each year twenty-five Freshmen are
selected to receive scholarships ranging from
$6,000 -$8,000 per year. The scholarships are
renewable for a total of four years if the student
maintains a 3.0 grade point average. Selection
criteria for this award include academic achieve-
ment, creative talent and character. Applica-
tion deadline is February 15. A separate appli-
cation is required and is available on request.

SPECIAL HONORS SCHOLARSHIPS

The Special Honors Scholarship Program
provides fifteen full tuition awards to entering
Freshmen who are finalists and semifinalists
in the National Merit, National Achievement,
and National Hispanic Scholarship Programs.
The value of this award is in excess of $13,500
per year, and in excess of $54,000 for four
years if the student maintains a 3.0 grade point
average. A student designated a semifinalistin
one of these programs should make application
for admission to Eckerd College no later than
February 15.

HONORS SCHOLARSHIPS

The Honors Scholarships seek to recognize
outstanding applicants for admission (Fresh-
men and transfers). Scholarship finalists will
be selected from among all applicants for ad-
mission without regard to financial need. A
student receiving an Honors Scholarship may
receive up to $5,000 yearly. The scholarship is
renewable if the student maintains a 3.0 grade
point average. No separate application is re-
quired; however, for priority consideration
students should apply for admission no later
than March 1.

SPECIAL TALENT SCHOLARSHIPS

The Special Talent Scholarships provide rec-
ognition and encouragement to students who
have excelled in a particular area of endeavor.
All students accepted for admission are eligible
to compete for these scholarships. Awards will
be made on the basis of outstanding talent or
achievement in any of the following areas:

1. Achievement in math, science, English,
social studies, behavioral sciences, for-
eign languages or any specific area of
academic pursuit.

2. Special talent in the creative arts —
music, theatre, art, writing, etc.

3. Special achievement in international
education, including participation in
AFS, YFU, or Rotary student exchange
programs.

4. Demonstrated leadership and service
in student, community or church organ-
izations.

5. Special talent in men's or women's ath-
letic competition.

120

Special Talent Scholarship winners may receive
up to $5,000 yearly. The scholarship is renew-
able for students with a 2.0 cumulative grade
point average following formal recommendation
by those qualified to evaluate the appropriate
special talent. No separate application is
required but for priority consideration students
should apply for admission prior to March 1
and submit the following:

1. Financial Aid Form (FAF), or Family
Financial Statement (FFS).

2. Letter of recommendation from teacher,
adviser or coach directly involved in
student's achievement area.

3. Additional materials the student wishes
to submit in support of his or her cre-
dentials.

CHURCH AND

CAMPUS SCHOLARSHIPS

The Church and Campus Scholarships are a
recognition of merit for fifty new Presbyterian
students each year who have been recom-
mended by their pastor and possess traits of
character, leadership and academic ability
which in the pastor's opinion demonstrate the
promise to become outstanding Christian cit-
izens — either as a lay person or a minister.
Students recommended by their pastor who
become recipients of a Church and Campus
Scholarship will receive a grant up to $2,400 to
be used during the Freshman year. The award
is renewable annually on the basis of demon-
strated academic, leadership and service
achievement, and a cumulative grade point
average of at least 2.0. This award is not based
on financial need. Scholarship winners may
apply for supplemental financial aid. More
scholarship details and nomination forms are
available on request.

ENDOWED SCHOLARSHIPS

Endowed scholarship funds have been estab-
lished by the gifts of those listed below or by
the gifts of others in their honor.
Suzanne Armacost Memorial Scholarship,
established in 1991, awarded on the basis of
merit to outstanding students who have demon-
strated traits of being a competent giver.
Arts Scholarship, established in 1985 by an
anonymous friend of the college to assist stu-
dents majoring in the visual arts.

Margaret S. and Walter D. Bach Memorial
Fund, established in 1984, awarded annually
to outstanding Florida students from Escambia,
Santa Rosa, Okaloosa or Walton counties.
Barnett Bank, established in 1988, awarded
annually to students with financial need major-
ing in business or a related program with an
interest in banking.

William B. Blackburn Honor, established
in 1989, awarded annually to Freshmen women
of academic distinction who plan to major in
business.

Charles Bradshaw, established in 1982.
Frank B. Buck, established in 1981 by his
wife, to be awarded annually to a student of
strong academic ability, financial need and
demonstrated traits of a "competent giver."
Buford Scholarship, established in 1982.
Sherry Jo Byars, established in 1983,
by W. Frank and Jo Byars in memory of their
daughter. Awarded annually to outstanding
students on the basis of academic ability,
leadership, and service.
Howard M. Davis, established in 1984.
Betty Jane Dimmitt Memorial, established
in 1983 by her family, to be awarded annually
to Juniors and Seniors majoring in the fine
arts.

Jack Eckerd, established in 1984.
Kennedy Eckerd Athletic, established in
1973, awarded annually to selected scholar
athletes.

Paul and Jane Edris Church and Campus,
established in 1985 by the First Presbyterian
Church of Daytona Beach, Florida, in honor of
their pastor and his wife. Awarded to students
of academic distinction.

121

Thomas Girolamo, established in 1988 by
Hilda Girolamo in memory of her husband,
who was a member of the Eckerd College staff.
Awarded on the basis of need to a Florida
resident.

Ben Hill Griffin, Jr., established in 1982 by
Mr. Griffin who was a founding trustee of the
college. Awarded annually to students with
financial need, academic ability and leadership
qualities.

Alfred S. and Winifred H. Hodgson, estab-
lished in 1986, awarded annually to students
with financial need.

Home Federal Bank, established in 1983,
awarded annually to a Junior or Senior major-
ing in management who demonstrates financial
need.
Robert A. James Memorial, established in

1 983 by his family, to be awarded annually to a
Freshman with outstanding academic ability,
leadership skills, and exceptional performance
in either tennis, golf, or cross-country.
Howard M. Johnson, established in 1975,
awarded annually to outstanding students
based on need.

Elaine R. Kinzer Memorial, established in
1987, awarded to students majoring in man-
agement or business with financial need.
Max Klarin Memorial, established in 1985,
awarded annually to a student majoring in fine
arts.

Oscar Kreutz Church and Campus, estab-
lished in 1984, awarded to Presbyterian stu-
dents with first preference to members of the
First Presbyterian Church, St. Petersburg.
Philip J. Lee, established in 1989, in honor of
the college's first chairman of the board of
trustees.

Colin Lindsey, established in 1977.
Margaret Fahl Lof strand Memorial, estab-
lished in 1976 by her family to honor Margaret,
who was a member of the founding class.
Awarded annually to outstanding female stu-
dents.
Frida B. Marx Memorial, established in

1984 by her husband. Annual award to student
designated by Delta Phi Alpha, German hon-
orary fraternity, for overseas study in Germany.
Emily A. and Albert W. Mathison, estab-
lished in 1960, awarded on the basis of aca-
demic achievement, character, and financial
need with preference given to students who
are not Florida residents.

Margaret Curry May, established in 1964.

Alfred A. McKethan, established in 1985, to
provide ten annual scholarships to outstand-
ing students, no more than three of whom are
in the same academic class. Awards are de-
termined by academic performance, Christian
character, and evidence of leadership.
William McLaughlin Memorial, established
in 1984 by Nash Stublen. Awarded annually to
students with financial need to support their
participation in international education or other
off campus programs.

George F. and Asha W. McMillan, estab-
lished in 1959, awarded annually to a pre-
ministerial student.

Glenn W. Morrison Memorial, established
in 1969, awarded annually to a music student
selected by the music faculty.
Cade Nabers Memorial, established in 1989,
for a Junior literature major by Mr. and Mrs.
John Nabers in memory of their son, a member
of the Class of 1990.

Mary Dillard Nettles Scholarship, estab-
lished in 1991, awarded to Presbyterian stu-
dents on the basis of need and merit. Preference
is given to students majoring in music or art.
Azalia P. Oberg, established in 1976.
John O'Flaherty ASPEC Memorial, estab-
lished in 1989, awarded annually to an out-
standing Junior or Senior majoring in economics.
Karim Said Petrou Memorial, established
in 1989, awarded annually on the basis of
financial need.

Dominick J. and Maude B. Potter, estab-
lished in 1978, awarded annually to outstanding
students with demonstrated financial need
from high schools in St. Petersburg, Florida.

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122

The Walter S. and Janet S. Pharr Church
and Campus, established in 1991, awarded
to students with outstanding academic ability
whose traits of character, leadership and ser-
vice give promise of outstanding contributions
to society, the church, and the religious and
social life of the college.
R.A. Ritter, established in 1968, awarded
annually with preference given to a son or
daughter of an employee of the Ritter Finance
Company of Wyncote, Pennsylvania; or to a
student from Pennsylvania.
Kathleen Anne Rome, established in 1971,
awarded annually to science students on the
basis of scholastic aptitude, financial need,
and compassion for humanity.
Thelma and Maurice Rothman, established
in 1988, provides financial assistance to Jewish
students with awards made on the basis of
need and academic merit.
Frank A. Saltsman, established in 1983.
Robert T. and Fran V.R. Sheen, established
in 1989, provides financial assistance to stu-
dents majoring in business or management.
Eugene and Donna Sitton, established in
1985, provides annual scholarships for out-
standing student athletes.
Edna Sparling, established in 1976.
Frances Shaw Stavros, established 1987,
awarded annually on a competitive basis to
outstanding students who are Florida residents
with preference to children of employees who
have had at least five years continuous em-
ployment with Better Business Forms, Better
Business Systems, Inc., or Florida Progress
Corporation.

Ruth and Robert Stevenson, established in
1964.

Thomas Presidential, established in 1973
by Mrs. Mildred Ferris, awarded annually on a
competitive basis to the 20 most outstanding
Freshmen.

William W. Upham, established in 1985 by
a founding trustee of the college.
J.J. Williams, Jr., established in 1959 by
Mr. and Mrs. J.J. Williams, Jr. to support
candidates for the Presbyterian ministry.
Kell and Mary Williams Church and Campus,
established in 1985, awarded annually to an
active and committed Christian student, with
preference given to students preparing for full-
time Christian service.
Ross E. Wilson, established in 1974.
John W. Woodward Memorial, established in
1967, awarded annually with preference given
to students from Gadsden County, Florida.

Bruce R. Zemp Memorial Honors, estab-
lished in 1983 by William and Noma Zemp in
memory of their son. Awarded annually to
Juniors majoring in management.

ECKERD COLLEGE
MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIPS

Established to perpetuate the memory of
alumni and friends who believed in the im-
portance of a liberal arts education to our
society.

Elza Edwin and Gretchen R. Artman (1969)
Paul and Grace Creswell (1962)
Carl Peter Damm (1963)
Robert B. Hamilton (1959)
Hope Presbyterian Church (1962)
Lowery Howell (1975)
Al Lang and Katherine Fagen Lang (1959),
partial scholarships awarded annually to stu-
dents from the St. Petersburg area who show
exceptional promise and demonstrate financial
need.

William Bell Tippetts (1960)
Ross E. Wilson (1974)

SCHOLARSHIPS SUPPORTED
BY ANNUAL GIFTS
AND GRANTS

Ebba Aim, provides annual scholarship sup-
port for male students from Florida who are
studying medicine. Preference is given to
Dunedin and North Pinellas County.
W. Paul Bateman, first awarded in 1978,
provides annual scholarships for outstanding
male students.

Chase Manhattan Bank, provides financial
aid to students majoring in business based on
need and merit.

Clearwater Central Catholic High School,
first awarded in 1981, to outstanding graduates
of Central Catholic High School in Clearwater,
Florida, made possible through gifts of an
anonymous donor.

Conn Memorial Foundation, first awarded
in 1973, based upon character, academic stand-
ing, and financial need.
First Union National Bank Minority
Scholarship, provides financial assistance to
minority students based on need and merit.
GTE, provides scholarships to minority stu-
dents on the basis of financial need.

123

Marriott Management Sercice, awarded
in memory of Colleen Barry, Kristin Riley, and

Stacey Stamatiades, Freshmen at Eckerd Col-
lege who lost their lives is a 1985 automobile
accident.

Merchants Association, first awarded in 1988.
David Moss Memorial, established by the
Women of the Moorings, Moorings Presbyter-
ian Church, to provide financial assistance to
Presbyterian students based on need.
Pepsi-Cola Bottling Company, provides
annual scholarships for students with financial
need.

Raymond James and Associates, first a-
warded in 1986, provides annual scholarships
for students majoring in business.
Selby Foundation, first awarded in 1968, to
outstanding students from Florida, with pre-
ference given to residents of Sarasota and
Manatee Courties.

George and Karla Sherbourne, first awarded
in 1986, provides grants to needy students
with preference given to residents of Sarasota
County.

David L. White Memorial, was established
by his grandparents, to provide financial assis-
tance to a member of the sailing team based on
need.

Women of Rotary, first awarded in 1988, for
female students.

ENDOWED LOAN FUNDS

Joseph C. Beck, established in 1987, pro-
vides loans to students with financial need.
Helen Harper Brown, established in 1988,
provides loans to students with financial need.

LOAN FUNDS SUPPORTED BY
ANNUAL GIFTS

Ben Hill Griffin, Jr., established in 1972,
provides loans to students.
Sidney N. Trockey, established in 1979, pro-
vides loan to a Jewish student with financial
need based on academic performance.

GRANT PROGRAMS

Grants are non-repayable awards made to
students on the basis of specific criteria or
skills within the limits of demonstrated financial
need. Two important sources of grant funds
are the federal government and state govern-
ments.

PELL GRANTS

These grants are awarded from federal funds
by the Office of Education. Awards are based
on need and range from approximately $200
to $2,400 depending on federal funding. Appli-
cation is made through the submission of the
FAF or FFS. The student will receive the Pell
Student Aid Report at the student's home,
and must submit the Student Aid Report to
the Eckerd College Financial Aid office. The
student's account will then be credited for the
amount of the student's eligibility.

SUPPLEMENTAL
EDUCATIONAL
OPPORTUNITY GRANTS

These grants are awarded from federal funds
and administered by the college. They are
limited at Eckerd College to students with
exceptional financial need. Application is
made through the submission of the FAF or
FFS form.

OTHER SOURCES OF AID

VETERANS' BENEFITS

Eckerd College is approved for the education
and training of veterans, service members, and
dependents of veterans eligible for benefits
under the G.I. Bill. Students who may be eligible
for V.A. benefits are urged to contact their
local V.A. Office as soon as accepted by the
college, and must file an application for bene-
fits through the Office of the Registrar. No
certification can be made until the application
is on file. Since the first checks each year are
often delayed, it is advisable for the veteran to
be prepared to meet all expenses for about two
months. There are special V.A. regulations
regarding independent study, audit course,
standards of progress, special student enroll-
ment, dual enrollment in two schools, and
summer enrollment. It is the student's
responsibility to inquire to the V.A. office
concerning special regulations and to
report any change in status which affects
the rate of benefits.

124

FLORIDA STUDENT
ASSISTANCE GRANTS

The Florida Student Assistance Grants (FSAG)
are awarded on the basis of demonstrated
financial need to one-year residents of Florida
who attend college in the state. These grants
may range up to a maximum of $ 1 ,300, depend-
ing on the demonstrated need of the applicant
and the availability of funds. For renewal the
recipient must earn a 2.0 cumulative grade
point average and complete 24 credit hours
during the prior academic year. Application is
made through the submission of the FAF or
FFS by answering the Florida section and
enclosing the appropriate fee.

TUITION EQUALIZATION
VOUCHER

The Tuition Equalization Voucher program
was established by the State of Florida for
residents of the state who enroll in private
colleges or universities in Florida. The program
provides up to $1,100 per year regardless of
financial need to help defray the cost of tuition
at Eckerd College. To qualify, a student must
have resided in Florida for at least one year
and must maintain a 2.0 cumulative grade point
average and complete 24 credit hours during
the prior academic year. An application upon
enrollment must be submitted to the Financial
Aid office.

COLLEGE LEVEL ACADEMIC
SKILLS TEST

In order to be eligible to receive financial aid
as Juniors and Seniors under programs funded
by the State of Florida (Florida Student Assis-
tance Grants, Tuition Equalization Vouchers,
etc.), students who are Florida residents must
pass the College Level Academic Skills Test
(CLAST) by the end of the Sophomore year.
More detailed information about CLAST is
available from the Educational Assessment
office.

ECKERD COLLEGE GRANTS

These grants are available to students who
rank in the upper one -half of their graduating
class and demonstrate financial need. Achieve-
ment in various curricular and co-curricular
activities is considered. Special consideration
is given to the sons and daughters of Presby-
terian ministers or missionaries in recognition
of the institution's Presbyterian heritage and

relationships. Renewal of Eckerd College
Grants requires a 2.0 cumulative grade point
average.

LOAN PROGRAMS

Many families whose current income and
savings are not sufficient to finance college
expenditures borrow funds through low interest
educational loans to supplement their financing
plans.

STAFFORD LOANS

(formerly Guaranteed Student Loans)

Stafford loans are available from local banks
and lending agencies. Depending upon eligi-
bility, Freshmen and Sophomores may borrow
up to $2,625 per year, and Juniors and Seniors
may borrow up to $4,000 per year not to exceed
$17,250 in their undergraduate work for edu-
cational expenses. Students must submit a
FAF or FFS to establish eligibility. The in-
terest is eight percent for new borrowers, and
new borrowers have a six months grace period
following termination of at least half-time
school attendance before repayment must
begin. Withdrawal from college for one semester
will cause the six months grace period to lapse
and repayments to fall due. Repayment fol-
lowing the termination of the grace period will
be at least $50 per month. The interest rate
remains eight percent during the first four
years of repayment, and increases to ten per-
cent during the remaining years of repayment.
Deferment from payment is allowed for the
return to school full-time or for other specified
conditions. Families interested in the program
should contact the Financial Aid office or their
local bank for a loan application and current
information. The processing of Stafford Loan
applications requires twelve to sixteen weeks.

PERKINS LOANS

The Perkins Loan (formerly the National
Direct Student Loan program) is administered
by the college from federal and college funds.
To qualify for a Perkins Loan, the student
must apply to the college and demonstrate
financial need. No interest will accrue until the
beginning of the repayment period, nine months
for new borrowers, following termination of at
least half-time school attendance. Interest
charges during the repayment period are only
five percent per year on the unpaid balance.

125

PLUS LOANS

EMPLOYMENT

Under this program parents may borrow up to
$4,000 per year to a total of $20,000 for each
child who is enrolled at least half-time. A sepa-
rate application is required for certification by
the Financial Aid office and submission to
your lending institution. The interest rate is no
more than twelve percent and repayment be-
gins within sixty days of receipt of the pro-
ceeds of the loan. Parents of students who do
not qualify for the Stafford Loan because of
family income limitations usually qualify for
the PLUS Loan. Additional information and
applications are available in the Financial Aid
office.

SLS LOANS

Independent students may borrow up to $4,000
per year to a total of $20,000. Unlike Stafford
borrowers, SLS borrowers do not have to show
need. SLS borrowers usually must begin re-
payment within sixty days after the loan is
disbursed. The interest rate is no more than
twelve percent.

MONTHLY PAYMENT
PROGRAMS

Monthly payments may be arranged by the
family through one of four different companies.
Contact the Financial Aid office, Eckerd College
for current information.

INSTITUTIONAL LOANS

Eckerd College has limited loan funds avail-
able, usually for temporary emergency situa-
tions. For details, contact the Financial Aid
office.

CHURCH, CIVIC, AND
BUSINESS SCHOLARSHIPS

In many local communities, scholarships are
provided each year by various church, civic
and business organizations to children of
members, citizens, and employees. Students
are encouraged to seek private scholarships.
Information is available at your local library
and in the Eckerd College Career Services and
Financial Aid offices.

The Career Services office assists students in
finding part-time employment on or off campus.
Preference is given to students who demon-
strate financial need. Campus employment
opportunities include work as a clerk or secre-
tary, a food service employee, a custodian or
maintenance worker, lifeguard, or a laboratory
assistant. Information on off-campus jobs is
available through the Career-Services office.

COLLEGE WORK-STUDY
PROGRAM

Students may qualify for this program on the
basis of need by submitting an FAF or FFS,
and may work on-campus seven to ten hours
per week.

FLORIDA COLLEGE CAREER
WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAM

A student who is a Florida resident enrolled
full-time and who demonstrates need may
qualify for this work program. Jobs are avail-
able off campus and must be career related.
Wages and hours may vary; the State of Florida
will reimburse the student's employer for fifty
percent of the wages. The Career Services
office will assist with placement and with the
completion of a special contract.

RENEWAL CRITERIA

Financial aid to a student at Eckerd College
may be renewable on an annual basis. All
Eckerd College grants and most aid from other
sources require a minimum cumulative grade
point average of 2.0 for renewal. A need analy-
sis must be completed each year prior to
March 1 for the following academic year. All
students who are eligible to return for a sub-
sequent year (except international students
requiring 1-20 forms) are eligible for consider-
ation for need-based financial aid. Awards
from all sources may vary from year to year
based upon criteria established by the college
and other private or public agencies. Appeals
for financial aid awards may be made in writing
to the Financial Aid Appeals Committee.

126

EXPENSES

Eckerd College is a private, non-tax-supported
institution. Tuition and fees pay only a portion
(approximately 62 percent) of the educational
costs per student. Thanks to the support of
donors, the balance of costs is paid from
endowment income and gifts from individuals,
the Presbyterian Churches, and various cor-
porations.

The following schedules list the principal
expenses and regulations concerning the pay-
ment of fees for the academic year 1992-93.
All fees and expenses listed below are those in
effect at the time of publication of the catalog.
They are subj ect to change by the action of the
Board of Trustees. When such changes are
made, notice will be given as far in advance as
possible.

COMPREHENSIVE CHARGES

The annual fees for full-time students for the
1992-93 academic year include two semesters
and one short term (autumn term for Fresh-
men, winter term for upperclassmen).

Resident Commuter

Tuition $13,6751 $13,675

Room and Board , . 3,5002

Total

$17,175 $13,675

x The full-time tuition fees cover a maximum of
ten (10) course registrations plus one short
term during the academic year provided that
no more than five courses are taken per
semester. Students registering for more than
five courses per semester or ten courses per
year plus a short term course will be charged
an additional tuition of $1,475 per course. A
student registering for a year-long course may
register for six courses in one semester and
four in the other with no additional charges.

2 Students with home addresses outside the
immediate vicinity of the college are requested
to live on campus. Exceptions to the require-
ment may be made with the approval of the
Director of Housing. Since resident students
are required to participate in the board plan,
all resident students will be charged for both
room and board.

A Students' Organization Fee of approximately
$ 1 50 per academic year is collected in addition* ,
to the above charges. Cost of books and suppli'es
will be approximately $500 per semester.

TUITION AND TERM FEES

Tuition (full-time) per semester: $6,100

Tuition, autumn or winter term: $1,475

Students' Organization Fee, per year: $ 150

ROOM AND BOARD

Fall and

Room

short term

Spring

Double occupancy, each

$ 855

$ 675

Double room

single occupancy

1,710

1,350

Single room

1,220

960

Base room rate ($855 and $675) has been included
in Comprehensive Charges. Charges above the base
rate for single occupancy of double room or for
single room will be added to Comprehensive
Charges.

Room Damage Deposit: $50.00 This deposit is
required in anticipation of any damage which may
be done to a dormitory room. If damage is in excess
of the deposit, the balance will be charged to the
student's account. Any balance left of the deposit
will be refunded to the student upon leaving col-
lege.

Fall and

Board short term Spring

21 meal plan: $1,105 $865

15 meal plan: 1,010 790

10 meal plan: 890 700

FEE FOR PART-TIME
STUDENTS

Tuition per course:

$1,475

Students are considered part-time when they
enroll for fewer than three courses per
semester.

OVERLOAD FEE

Tuition per course:

$1,475

Fee for students enrolling in more than five
courses per semester or ten courses per year
plus a short term.

AUDITOR'S FEE

$360

Tuition per course

(no credit or evaluation)

Full-time students may audit courses without
fee with the permission of the instructor.

127

FEES FOR SPECIAL PRIVILEGE

Late payment after registration day:
A FINANCIAL CHARGE WILL BE AS-
SESSED ON ALL OUTSTANDING BAL-
ANCES AFTER REGISTRATION DATE.

The rate will be variable quarterly to 4.5%
above the 13-week Treasury Bill rate.
Late physical examination (for new students
who have not had physical examination by
registration day): $50.

MISCELLANEOUS FEES

Acceptance Fee (new students): $100.

A fee required of new students upon accept-
ance by Eckerd College. This fee is not
refundable and will be applied against the
comprehensive charge.

Application Fee (new students): $25.

This fee accompanies the application for
admission submitted by new students.

Credit by Examination Fee: $740.

A fee for an examination to determine pro-
ficiency in a particular subject to receive
course credit.

Health and Accident Insurance

All students must have health and accident
insurance coverage in order to be enrolled in
the college. They must either show proof of
insurance or sign up for the student insurance
plan available to them through the college for a
fee.

Lost Key Fee: $40.

Resident students are issued keys to their rooms.
The fee for replacing a lost key is $40.

Orientation Fee (Freshmen only): $75.

This fee partially covers the additional cost of
special orientation activities provided for
Freshmen.

Re-Examination Fee: $190.

A fee for a re -examination of course material.

Transcript Fee: $2.

There is a $2 charge per transcript.
Transfer Students Orientation Fee: $25.

Applied Music Fees:

These fees apply even though music lessons
are not taken for credit, and are fees in addition
to regular tuition charges.

Semester Year
One hour per week $500 $1000

One half hour per week $250 $ 500

STUDENT INSURANCE

All students must provide proof of health/
accident insurance coverage by registration
date. If proof of coverage is not provided you
will be required to purchase the school insur-
ance which will be charged to your student
account automatically after registration.

It is mandatory for all international stu-
dents to purchase insurance coverage from
the school. Your student account will be
billed automatically after registration.

HEALTH AND ACCIDENT
INSURANCE FOR
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

Occasionally international students, while
studying at Eckerd College, will require medi-
cal attention through local doctors, hospitals
and clinics. To protect our international stu-
dents from large medical bills while they are
students at Eckerd, we require that all inter-
national students subscribe to a Health and
Accident Insurance Policy. The cost of this
insurance policy is $150 per year.* The cost
will be added to the college bill of the inter-
national student, and will be due and payable
at the time of registration at Eckerd College.
The coverage available through this policy
protects the student for the full twelve months
of the calendar year. The policy premium must
be paid at registration for the first term at
which the student arrives at Eckerd College,
and then at registration for each subsequent
fall semester.

*This amount is subject to change.

128

METHODS OF PAYMENT

Students should come prepared to pay all
charges on the day of registration or should
have payments from home mailed to reach the
Eckerd College business office ^at least two
weeks prior to the date of registration. No
student shall be permitted to register for a
given semester until all indebtedness for prior
terms has been paid in full.

Students who have unpaid bills at the college
are subject to dismissal from the college and,
as long as such payments remain unpaid, may
not receive transcripts of credit or any diploma.

Eckerd College does not have a deferred
payment plan. Students desiring monthly pay-
ment plans must make arrangements through
one of the following companies.

American Management Services, Inc.
50 Vision Boulevard
East Providence RI 02914
800/556-6684

Manufacturers Hanover

Tuition Plan
57 Regional Drive
Concord, NH 03301
800/258-3640

All arrangements and contracts are made
directly between the parent and the tuition
financing company.

POLICY ON REFUNDS

Students withdrawing within 25 days of the
first class of any semester for reasons approved
by the college will receive tuition refunds for
that semester as follows:

Within 7 days 75%

Within 15 days 50%

Within 25 days 25%

After 25 days no refund

Students withdrawing within 15 calendar days
of the first class day of any short term (autumn
term or winter term) will receive tuition refunds
for that term as follows:

Within 7 days 50%

Within 15 days 25%

After 15 days no refund

Room charges for resident students are not
refundable. Unused portion of meal tickets
will be refunded on a pro-rata basis.

Whenever a student is required to withdraw
because of unsatisfactory conduct, no refund
will be made.

No refunds will be made to withdrawing stu-
dents until the withdrawal process is com-
pleted.

WITHDRAWAL AND REFUND
OF AID TO FEDERAL AND
ECKERD COLLEGE FINANCIAL
AID ACCOUNTS

If a student's withdrawal from Eckerd College
results in cancelled charges of tuition, fees, or
meals and if financial aid has been used to pay
all or any portion of the charges, the federal
financial aid programs from which the funds
were awarded will be refunded first according
to federal regulations. Also, if a student with-
draws at any time during a semester, all
Eckerd College grants/scholarship funds
will be restored 100 percent to the college
accounts. The above policies will likely result
in a financial obligation. Also each student on
financial aid who withdraws must contact the
Eckerd College Student Loan office to finalize
any institutional loan or financial obligation
and participate in a loan exit interview. Like-
wise, each student on financial aid who with-
draws must contact the Financial Aid office for
a Stafford Loan or a Supplemental Student
Loan (SLS) Exit Interview.

129

130

THE FACULTY OF ECKERD COLLEGE

Faculty of the Collegium of
Behavioral Science

Diana L. Fuguitt

Chair, Behavioral Science Collegium

Associate Professor of Economics

B.A., Eckerd College

M.A., Ph.D., Rice University
\nthony R. Brunello

Assistant Professor of Political Science

B.A., University of California, Davis

M.S., Ph.D., University of Oregon
Salvatore Capobianco

Associate Professor of Pscyhology
1 B.A., M.A., University of Kansas

Ph.D., Rutgers University
dark H. Davis

Assistant Professor of Psychology

B.A., University of Iowa

Ph.D., University of Texas, Austin
Iichael G. Flaherty

Professor of Sociology

B.A., M.A., University of South Florida

Ph.D., University of Illinois
Sdward T. Grasso

Associate Professor of Decision Sciences

B.A., B.S., M.B.A., Old Dominion
University

Ph.D., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and

State University
ohn M. Guarino

Assistant Professor of Management

B.S., State College of Bridgewater,
Massachusetts

M.A., Dartmouth College

M.B.A., University of Connecticutt

Ph.D., Syracuse University
'eter K. Hammerschmidt

Professor of Economics

B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Colorado State

University
ames R. Harley

Professor of Physical Education

Director of Athletics

B.S., Georgia Teachers College

M.A., George Peabody College
ohn Patrick Henry

Associate Professor of Sociology

B.S., University of South Carolina

M.A., Ph.D., University

of Massachusetts
effery A. Howard

Associate Professor of Psychology

B.A., Valparaiso University

M.S., Ph.D., Kansas State University
, inda L. Lucas

: Associate Professor of Economics
l B.A., University of Texas, Austin

Ph.D., University of Hawaii
ames M. MacDougall

Professor of Psychology
1 B.S., Highlands University,
New Mexico

M.A., Ph.D., Kansas State University
lary K. Meyer

Assistant Professor of Political Science

B.A., M.A., University of South Florida

Ph.D., University of Massachusetts

Tom Oberhofer

Chair, Foundations Collegium

Professor of Economics

B.S., Fordham University

M.A., Ph.D., Rutgers University
William Pyle

Harold D. Holder Professor of
Management

Director of the Human Resource
Institute

B.B.A., University of Notre Dame

M.B.A., Butler University

Ph.D., The University of Michigan
Edward I. Stevens

Professor of Information Systems

B.A., Davidson College

M. Div., Harvard Divinity School

Ph.D., Vanderbilt University
Donna A. Trent

Assistant Professor of Management

B.A., Newcomb College

M.Ed., M.S., PhD., Tulane University
William E. Winston

Professor of Sociology

B.A., Central Washington University

M.A., Ph.D., Washington State
University

Faculty of the Collegium of
Comparative Cultures

Kenneth E. Keeton

Chair, Comparative Cultures
Collegium

Professor of German Language and
Literature

B.A., Georgetown College

M.A., University of Kentucky

Ph.D., University of North Carolina
Victoria J. Baker

Assistant Professor of Anthropology

B.A., Sweet Briar College

B.A., M.A., Ph.D., University of Leiden,
Netherlands
Joseph M. Bearson

Associate Professor of Marketing and
International Business

B.A., Brandeis University

M.B.A., Columbia University
Gregory G. Briscoe

Assistant Professor of Spanish

B.A., Utah State University

M.A., University of California, Berkeley
Thomas J. DiSalvo

Assistant Professor of Spanish

B.A., Hillsdale College

M.A., Middlebury College, Spain

Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
Douglas P. Fry

Assistant Professor of Anthropology

B.A., University of California

M.A., Ph.D., Indiana University

Gilbert L. Johnston

Professor of Asian Studies
and Religion

B.A., Cornell University

M.Div., Princeton Theological
Seminary

Ph.D., Harvard University
Sheila M. Johnston

Assistant Professor of International
Studies

B.A., Northern Counties Teachers
College, United Kingdom

M.A., Pennsylvania State University
Margarita M. Lezcano

Assistant Professor of Spanish

B.A., Florida International University

M.A., University of Florida

Ph.D., Florida State University
Naveen K. Malhotra

Assistant Professor of Management and
Finance

M.B.A., University of Tampa
Martha B. Nichols

Assistant Professor of French

B.A., Centre College

M.A., Duke University
Vivian A. Parsons

Assistant Professor of Russian

B.A., Brandeis University

M.A.T., Harvard University
William H. Parsons

Professor of History
and Russian Studies

B.A., Grinnell College

M.A., Harvard University

Ph.D., Indiana University
Hendrick Serrie

Professor of Anthropology and
International Business

B.A., University of Wisconsin

M.A., Ph.D., Northwestern
University

Faculty of the Collegium of
Creative Arts

Claire A. Stiles

Chair, Creative Arts Collegium

Associate Professor of Human
Development

B.S., Rutgers University

M.A., Southwest Texas State University

Ph.D., University of Florida
D. Russell Bailey

Assistant Professor of Education

B.A., Eckerd College

M.A., University of Kentucky

M.Ed., Ph.D., Louisiana State University
Thomas E. Bunch

Assistant Professor of Theatre

B.A., Northeastern State University

M.A., University of Virginia

Ph.D. University of Florida

131

Albert Howard Carter, III

Professor of Comparative
Literature and Humanities

B.A., University of Chicago

M.A., Ph.D., University of Iowa
Nancy Corson Carter

Associate Professor of Humanities

B.A., Susquehanna University

M.A., Ph.D., University of Iowa
James G. Crane

Professor of Visual Arts

B.A., Albion College

M.A., State University of Iowa

M.F.A., Michigan State University
Sarah K. Dean

Associate Professor of Human
Development

B.A., Georgetown College

M.Re., Southern Baptist Theological
Seminary

M.A., George Peabody College

Ed.D., Nova University
Joan Osborn Epstein

Associate Professor of Music

B.A., Smith College

M.M., Yale University School of Music
Sandra A. Harris

Assistant Professor of Human
Development
Counselor

B.S., M.S., Ph.D. Virginia Common-
wealth University
Peter L. Kranz

Associate Professor of Human
Development

Director of the Counseling Center

B.A., Grinnell College

M.A., Ph.D. Utah State University
J. Peter Meinke

Professor of Literature

B.A., Hamilton College

M.A., University of Michigan

Ph.D., University of Minnesota
Molly K. Ransbury

Professor of Education

B.S., M.S., State University of New
York

Ed.D., Indiana University
Richard A. Rice

Professor of Theatre

B.A., University of Denver

M.A., Columbia University

Ph.D., University of Utah
Arthur N. Skinner

Associate Professor of Visual Arts

B.A., Eckerd College

M.V.A., Georgia State University
Marion Smith

Associate Professor of Music

B. Mus., Xavier College

M.A., Washington State University

Ph.D., Washington University, St. Louis

Cynthia Totten

Assistant Professor of Theatre

B.A., M.A., Northwestern State
University of Louisiana

M.F.A., Southern Illinois University

Ph.D., University of Nebraska
Kathryn J. Watson

Professor of Education

Director of Teacher Education

B.A., Eckerd College

M.Ed., Ed.D., University of Florida
V. Sterling Watson

Professor of Literature and Creative
Writing

B.A., Eckerd College

M.A., University of Florida
J. Thomas West

Professor of Psychology and
Human Development

B.S., Davidson College

M.A., University of North Carolina

Ph.D., Vanderbilt University

Faculty of the Collegium of
Letters

Olivia H. Mclntyre

Chair, Letters Collegium
Associate Professor of History
B.A., Louisiana State University
M.A., Ph.D., Stanford University

Andrew K. M. Adam
Assistant Professor of Religious Studies
B.A., Bowdoin College
M. Div., S.T.M., Ph.D., Yale Divinity
School

Jewel Spears Brooker
Professor of Literature
B.S., Stetson University
M.A., Ph.D., University of Florida

David J. Bryant
Assistant Professor of Religious Studies
B.A., Harding College
M.A., Abilene Christian College
M.Div., Ph.D., Princeton Theological
Seminary

Julienne H. Empric
Professor of Literature
B.A. Nazareth College of Rochester
M.A., York University
Ph.D., University of Notre Dame

Bruce V. Foltz
Assistant Professor of Philosophy
B.A., Sonoma State University
M.A., Ph.D., Pennsylvania State
University

Judith M. Green
Assistant Professor of Philosophy
B.A., B.A., Michigan State University
M.A., Ph.D., University of Minnesota

Patricia M. Handy
Assistant Professor of Literature
B. A., University of Exeter, Great Britain
M.A., Ph.D., Bowling Green State
University

M. Suzan Harrison

Assistant Professor of Rhetoric

B.A., Eckerd College

M.A., Florida State University

Ph.D., University of North Carolin
Carolyn Johnston

Professor of American Studies

B.A., Samford University

M.A., Ph.D., University of Califorr
William F. McKee

Professor of History

B.A., College of Wooster

M.A., Ph.D., University of Wiscon:
George P. E. Meese

Director, Writing Excellence Progrc

Professor of Rhetoric

B.A., Wittenberg University

M.A., Ph.D., University of Chicagc
Gregory B. Padgett

Assistant Professor of History

B.A., Stetson University

M.A., Florida State University
Peter A. Pav

Professor of Philosophy

B.A., Knox College

M.A., Ph.D., Indiana University
Robert C. Wigton

Assistant Professor of Political Scie

B.A. State University of New York
Oswego

M.A., J.D., Ph.D., State University
New York, Buffalo

Faculty of the Collegium o:
Natural Sciences

Edmund L. Gallizzi

Chair, Natural Sciences Collegium
Professor of Computer Science
B.Sc, University of Florida
M.Sc, Ph.D., University of
Southwestern Louisiana

Gregg R.Brooks
Assistant Professor of Marine Scien
B.S., Youngstown State University
M.S., Ph.D., University of South Flo

Harry W. Ellis
Professor of Physics
B.S., Ph.D., Georgia Institute of
Technology

John C. Ferguson
Professor of Biology
B.A., Duke University
M.A., Ph.D., Cornell University

Mark B. Fishman
Assistant Professor of Computer Scie
B.A., Temple University
M.A., University of Texas

John. A. Goodwin
Assistant Professor of Chemistry
B.A., Transylvania University
Ph.D., Rice University

132

David D. Grove

Assistant Professor of Chemistry
B.S., California State University,

San Diego
Ph.D., University of California,
Los Angeles
Sheila D. Hanes
Associate Professor of Biology
B.A., Baylor University
M.S., University of Illinois
Ph.D., Ohio University
ieggie L. Hudson

Professor of Chemistry
I B.A., Pfeiffer College

Ph.D., University of Tennessee
Jerald J. G. Junevicus
Assistant Professor of Mathematics
B.Sc, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
M.Sc, Ph.D. University of Victoria,
Canada
)avid Kerr

Assistant Professor of Mathematics
| B.A., M.A., Ph.D., University of

South Florida
<aurie Kovalenko
Assistant Professor of Physics
B.A., Cornell University
M.A., Ph.D., University of Boulder
arah E. Kruse
Assistant Professor of Physics
B.S. Physics, B.S. Geology, University

of Wisconsin
Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of

Technology
leorge W. Lofquist
Professor of Mathematics
B.S., University of North Carolina
M.S., Ph.D., Mathematics, Louisiana

State University
M.S., Computer Science, University of

South Florida
iilly H. Maddox
Professor of Mathematics
B.S., Troy State College
jt M.Ed., University of Florida

Ph.D., University of South Carolina
tohn E. Reynolds, III
Professor of Biology
B.A., Western Maryland College
M.S., Ph.D., University of Miami
William B. Roess
Professor of Biology
B.S., Blackburn College
Ph.D., Florida State University
Ian L. Soli

Associate Professor of Chemistry
B.A., Augsburg College
M.S., Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
William A. Szelistowski

Assistant Professor of Biology
B.S., University of Florida
Ph.D., University of Southern
California

oel B. Thompson

Assistant Professor of Marine Geo-
chemistry

B.S., M.S., California State University
B.S., Ph.D., Syracuse University

Walter O. Walker

Associate Professor of Mathematics

B.S., Eckerd College

M.S., Ph.D., Clemson University

Foundations Collegium
Faculty

Tom Oberhofer

Foundations Collegium Chair
Behavioral Science Collegium
George P. E. Meese

Director, Writing Excellence Program
Letters Collegium

Library Faculty

Larry Hardesty

Director, Library Services

Professor

B.A., M.S., Kearney State College

M.A., University of Wisconsin

M.S., Ph.D., Indiana University
Jamie A. Hastreiter

Technical Services Librarian

Associate Professor

B.A., The State University of

New York, Geneseo

M.L.S., Kent State University
David W. Henderson

Instructional Services and Collection
Development Librarian

Professor

B.A., University of Connecticut

M.S., Ohio University

M.S.L.S., Florida State University
Kathryn A. Johnston

Instructional Services Librarian

Assistant Professor

B.A., Earlham College

M.S.L.S., University of North Carolina

Intercollegiate
Athletics

James R. Harley

Director of Athletics
Professor of Physical Education
William J. Mathews

Head Baseball Coach
Assistant Professor

of Physical Education
M.Ed., University of South Florida

EMERITI

Clark L. Allen

Professor Emeritus of Economics

Ph.D., Duke University
Wilbur F. Block

Professor Emeritus of Physics

Ph.D., University of Florida
Clark H. Bouwman

Professor Emeritus of Sociology

Ph.D., New School for Social
Research
Richard R. Bredenberg

Professor Emeritus of Education

Ph.D., New York University
Burr C. Brundage

Professor Emeritus of History

Ph.D., University of Chicago

Alan W. Carlsten

Professor Emeritus of Religious Studies
and Speech Communications

M.Div., McCormick Theological
Seminary
Tennyson P. Chang

Professor Emeritus of Asian Studies

Ph.D., Georgetown University
J. Stanley Chesnut

Professor Emeritus of Humanities and
Religion

Ph.D., Yale University
Dudley E. DeGroot

Professor Emeritus of Anthropology

Ph.D., Ohio State University
Frank M. Figueroa

Professor Emeritus of Spanish

Ed.D., Columbia University Teachers
College
Irving G. Foster

Professor Emeritus of Physics

Ph.D., University of Virginia
Rejane P. Genz

Professor Emerita of French Language
and Literature

P.D., Laval University
Keith W. Irwin

Professor Emeritus of Philosophy

M.Div., Garrett Theological Seminary
E. Ashby Johnson

Professor Emeritus of Philosophy
and Religion

Th.D., Union Theological
Seminary, Virginia
Robert C. Meacham

Professor Emeritus of Mathematics

Ph.D., Brown University
Anne A. Murphy

Professor Emerita of Political Science

Ph.D., University of North Carolina
Richard W. Neithamer

Professor Emeritus of Chemistry

Ph.D., Indiana University
Felix Rackow

Professor Emeritus of Political Science

Ph.D., Cornell University
George K. Reid

Professor Emeritus of Biology

Ph.D., University of Florida
Margaret R. Rigg

Professor Emerita of Visual Art

M.A., Presbyterian School of Christian
Education
Robert B. Tebbs

Professor Emeritus of Industrial and
Organizational Behavior

Ph.D., University of Wyoming
Pedro N. Trakas

Professor Emeritus of Spanish

Ph.D., University of North Carolina

Litt.D., Wofford College
Ruth R. Trigg

Registrar Emerita

B.A., University of Kentucky
William E. Waters

Professor Emeritus of Music

M.A., College of William and Mary
William C. Wilbur

Professor Emeritus of History

Ph.D., Columbia University

133

ROBERT A. STAUB OUTSTANDING TEACHERS

Awarded each year at Commencement

1986 -

1981

1982

1984

1985

1987 -

1980 - William B. Roess

Professor of Biology
Julienne H. Empric

Professor of Literature
J. Thomas West 1988

Professor of Psychology and Human
Development Services 1989

1983 - A. Howard Carter, III

Professor of Comparative 1990

Literature and Humanities
Peter K. Hammerschmidt 1991

Professor of Economics
Molly K. Ransbury 1992

Professor of Education

John E. Reynolds, III

Associate Professor of Biology
James G. Crane

Professor of Visual Arts
Tom Oberhofer

Professor of Economics
Kathryn J. Watson

Professor of Education
J. Peter Meinke

Professor of Literature
Carolyn Johnston

Professor of American Studies
Diana Fuguitt

Associate Professor of Economics

Professor Peter Meinke, 1 990 Robert A. Staub Outstanding Teacher
Award recipient, discusses poetry with one of his creative writing classes.

134

ADMINISTRATION

OFFICE OF THE
PRESIDENT

Peter H. Armacost

President

B.A., Denison University

Ph.D., University of Minnesota
Walter F. Conner

Chaplain

B.S., Florida State University

M. Div., Fuller Theological Seminary
David B. Cozad

Director of Church Relations

B.A., Eckerd College

M.Div., Union Theological Seminary,
Virginia

M.S.P., Florida State University
Joan B. Fry

Executive Assistant to the President

B.A., M.A., University of California
Berkeley
iVilliam Pyle

Director of the Human Resource
Institute

Harold D. Holder Professor of
Management

OFFICE OF VICE
PRESIDENT AND
DEAN OF FACULTY

loyd W. Chapin

Vice President and Dean of Faculty

Professor of Philosphy and Religion

B.A., Davidson College

M.Div., Ph.D., Union Theological
Seminary, New York
Tom Oberhofer

Associate Dean of Faculty
for General Education

Professor of Economics
iheila M. Johnston

Director, International Education
and Off-Campus Programs

Assistant Professor of International
Studies
L Russell Kennedy
i Registrar

! B.S., Northeastern University
| M.Ed., Suffolk University
•haron Setterlind
' Director of the Computer Center
! B.A., Eckerd College
I M.S., National-Louis University
'haron M. Stacy

Coordinator of Educational Assessment
: B.A., Eckerd College

M.B.A., University of South Florida

)FFICE OF SPECIAL
PROGRAMS

ames E. Deegan
Dean of Special Programs
B.S., State University

of New York, Buffalo
M.S., Ed.D., Indiana

University

Margaret Cooley

Director, New Programs

B.A., Rhodes College

M.A., University of Chicago
Dana E. Cozad

Director, Program for Experienced
Learners

B.A., Eckerd College

M.S.W., Florida State University
Cheryl Chase Gold

Coordinator, Summer Programs

B.A., City College of New York
Linda Blalock Johnston

Director of Marketing

B.A., Pennsylvania State University

M.A., Emerson College
Nancy W. Pridgen

Coordinator of Training and Development

B.A., J.D., University of Florida

OFFICE OF PUBLIC
RELATIONS

Joan B. Fry

Vice President for Public Relations
Patricia I. Baldwin

Director of Media Relations
Kathryn P. Rawson

Assistant to Vice President for

Public Relations

B.A., Eckerd College
Dennis Sercombe
Director of Publications
B.S., M.A., University of Florida
Ed.S., University of Virginia

OFFICE OF
DEVELOPMENT

Richard T. Haskins

Vice President for Development

B.A., Point Park College

M.A., George Washington University
Samuel A. Banks

Director of Foundation Relations

B.A., Duke University

M.Div., Emory University

Ph.D., University of Chicago

D.Litt, College of Charleston
Cathy Duvall

Director of Research
Carol Hardesty

Director of Records and Development
Computer Support Services

B.A., Kearney State College

M.A.T., DePauw University
Gordon Leffingwell

Director of Planned Giving

B.S., Western Michigan University
Catherine McGarry

Director of Community and

Corporate Relations

B.S., M.B.A., University of Tampa

Bruce L. Robertson

Vice President

B.A., University of Florida

M.Div., Union Theological Seminary

OFFICE OF
ADMISSIONS

Richard R. Hallin

Dean of Admissions

Associate Professor of Political Science

B.A., Occidental College

B.A., M.A., Exeter College,
Oxford University, England

Ph.D., Columbia University
Eric W. Boelkins

Associate Dean of Admissions

B.A., Wake Forest University

M.Div., Vanderbilt University
Kathy Sue Duninire Ralph

Associate Dean of Admissions
and Coordinator of New Student
Financial Aid

B.A., Maryville College
Ronice Lauck

Admissions Counselor

B.A., Eckerd College
Michele R. Pelzer

Assistant Dean of Admissions

B.A., Eckerd College
Jeffrey J. Robinson

Admissions Counselor

B.A., Eckerd College
M. Kemp Talbott

Assistant Dean of Admissions

B.A., Eckerd College
Margaret W. Morris

Director of Financial Aid

B.S., University of Arkansas

M.A., Wake Forest University
Robin Famiglietti

Assistant Director of Financial Aid

B.A., Wesleyan University

M.A., University of South Florida
M. Joan Kaplan

Assistant Director of Financial Aid

B.A., Eckerd College

OFFICE OF
BUSINESS AFFAIRS

James A. Christison

Vice President for Finance

B.A., University of Connecticut
Alan W. Bunch,

Controller

B.A., University of South Florida
Joanne DiBlasio

Director of Personnel
J.T. Tom Meiners

Director, Physical Plant and Services

135

OFFICE OF
STUDENT AFFAIRS

Roger W. Sorochty

Vice President for Student Affairs

Dean of Students

Ph.D., University of Ottawa
Michele L. Colbert

Associate Dean for Residential Life

M.Ed., University of South Carolina
Lillie M. Collins

Director of Minority and International
Student Affairs

B.A., University of South Florida
William C. Covert

Director, Waterfront Activities

ARC Instructor
Barbara J. Ely, R.N.

Director of Nursing Services
Sandra Harris

Counselor

Ph.D., Virginia Commonwealth
University
Peter L. Kranz

Director of the Counseling Center

Ph.D., Utah State University
R. Brian Nichols

Director of Campus Activities

M.S., Vanderbilt University
Lena Wilfalk

Director of Career Services

M.A., University of South Florida

ACADEMY OF SENIOR
PROFESSIONALS

Arthur L. Peterson

Director

Professor of Political Science

B.A., Yale University

M.S.P.A., University of Southern

California
Ph.D., University of Minnesota

BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Officers

Miles Collier

Chairman
Grover C. Wrenn

Vice Chairman
Peter G. Armacost

President
Royce Haiman

Secretary
James A. Christison

Treasurer
Joan B. Fry

Assistant Secretary

Trustees

Mr. Payton F. Adams

General Telephone Company

Tampa, Florida
Dr. Peter H. Armacost

President, Eckerd College

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mr. William B. Blackburn

Blackburn and Company

Tampa, Florida
Mr. John A. Brabson, Jr.

Peoples Gas Systems, Inc.

Tampa, Florida
Mr. Carroll Cheek

CWC Companies, Inc.

Clearwater, Florida
Mr. Ronald Coffin

St. Petersburg, Florida
Dr. William F. Coleman

Welle sley College

Wellesley, Massachusetts
Mr. Miles Collier

Collier Enterprises

Naples, Florida
Dr. Gay Culverhouse

President, Tampa Bay Buccaneers

Tampa, Florida
Mr. Daniel M. Doyle

Danka Industries

St. Petersburg, Florida
Dr. Russell Edgerton

American Association for Higher
Education

Washington, D.C.
Dr. Willard F. Enteman

Rhode Island College

Providence, Rhode Island
Mr. David J. Fischer

St. Petersburg, Florida

Jeffrey L. Fortune

Resort Inns of America, Inc.

St. Petersburg Beach, Florida
Mr. John W. Galbraith

Galbraith Properties, Inc.

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mrs. Royce Haiman

Tampa, Florida
Mr. Kendrick C. Hardcastle, III

Hardcastle Industries

Tampa, Florida
The Rev. Dr. Lee G. Henderson

Associate Consultants in Education

Tallahassee, Florida
Mrs. Anne Hoerner

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mr. William R. Hough

William R. Hough and Company

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mr. J. Webster Hull

Metro North State Bank

Kansas City, Missouri
Mr. Fred C. Jackson

Fred Jackson and Associates

Jacksonville, Florida
Dr. Althea H. Jenkins

Association of Colleges and Research
Libraries

Chicago, Illinois
Mr. Roland S. Kennedy

Barnett Bank of Pinellas County

St. Petersburg, Florida
Dr. Warren Bryan Martin

The Carnegie Foundation for the
Advancement of Teaching

Princeton, New Jersey
Dr. R. Ryan Maxwell

Ocala, Florida
Mr. John H. O'Hearn

St. Petersburg Times

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mrs. Betty P. Parrish

Nevins Fruit Company

Titusville, Florida
Mr. E. Leslie Peter

Leslie Peter and Company

Brandon, Florida
Dr. Jane Arbuckle Petro

Westchester County Medical Center

Valhalla, New York
The Rev. Dr. Bruce Porter

Church of the Palms

Sarasota, Florida
Mr. Arthur J. Ranson, HI

Attorney

Orlando, Florida
Mr. William Ripberger

Metropolitan Life

New York, New York
Mr. P.N. Risser, III

Risser Oil

Clearwater, Florida
Mr. Maurice Rothman

Kane Furniture Co.

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mr. Dennis Ruppel

M.T.D. Technologies, Inc.

Pinellas Park, Florida

136

Mrs. Wyline Sayler

The Carlisle Collection

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mrs. G. Ballard Simmons

Jacksonville, Florida
Dr. Jean Johannessen Smoot

North Carolina State University

Raleigh, North Carolina
Mr. Les R. Smout

Jack Eckerd, Inc.

Clearwater, Florida
Mr. Gus A. Stavros

Pelam Investments, Inc.

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mr. James T. Swann, HI

Cocoa, Florida
Dr. Joseph E. Thompson

Atlantic University Center

Atlanta, Georgia
Mr. Stewart Turley

Jack Eckerd Inc.

Clearwater, Florida
Mrs. Ann Van Den Berg

Church of the Palms

Jacksonville Beach, Florida
Mrs. John P. Wallace

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mrs. Dorothy Weaver

Intercap Investments

Coral Gables, Florida
Mr. Stanley P. Whitcomb, Jr.

The Whitcomb Associates

Sun City, Florida
Mrs. Jean Giles Wittner

Wittner Companies

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mr. Grover C. Wrenn

Environ Corporation

Arlington, Virginia

TRUSTEES EMERITI

The Rev. Dr. Harvard A. Anderson

Longwood, Florida
The Rev. Dr. Clem E. Bininger

Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Dr. Gordon W. Blackwell

Greenville, South Carolina
Mr. Charles Creighton

Fort Lauderdale, Florida
The Rev. Thomas J. Cumming

Plantation, Florida
The Rev. Dr. John B. Dickson

Clearwater, Florida
The Rev. Dr. Paul M. Edris

Ormond Beach, Florida
Mr. Harrison W. Fox

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mrs. Charles G. Gambrell

Charlotte, North Carlonia
Mr. Willard A. Gortner

Clearwater, Florida
The Rev. Lacy R. Harwell

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mr. Harold D. Holder

Tampa, Florida
Mr. Frank M. Hubbard

Orlando, Florida
Mr. E. Colin Lindsey

Tampa, Florida
Mr. Alfred A. McKethan

Brooksville, Florida
Mr. William F. O'Neill

Sarasota, Florida
Mrs. Woodbury Ransom

Charlevoix, Michigan
Dr. Joseph H. Reason

Tallahassee, Florida
Dr. J. Wayne Reitz

Gainesville, Florida
Mr. Robert T. Sheen

St Petersburg, Florida
Mrs. John W. Sterchi

Orlando, Florida
Mr. William W. Upham

St. Petersburg Beach, Florida
Mr. Thomas A. Watson

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mr. David L. Wilt

Leesburg, Virginia
Mr. W.H. Zemp

St. Petersburg, Florida

HONORARY TRUSTEES

Dr. Michael M. Bennett

St. Petersburg, Florida
Mr. Charles J. Bradshaw

Vero Beach, Florida
Mr. Frank Byars

Redington Beach, Florida
The Rev. Dr. Jack G. Hand

Jacksonville Beach, Florida
Mr. Benjamin G. Parks

Naples, Florida

It is the policy of Eckerd College not to discriminate on the basis of sex, age, handicap, religion,
creed, race or color, or national origin in its educational programs, activities, admissions, or
employment policies as required by federal and state legislation. Inquiries regarding compliance
with discrimination laws may be directed to Dean of Admissions, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg,
Florida 33733 813/867-1166. Eckerd College is an equal opportunity employer.

137

INDEX (Courses and Programs are listed in italics.)

Academic Calendar 5

Academic Credit 21

Academic Exemption Petitions 16

Academic Minor 27

Academic Policies 16

Academic Program 5

Academic Progress Standards 23

Academy of Senior Professionals 16

Accreditation 1

Administration 135

Admission 115

Early Admission 116

Equivalency Certificates 116

Freshman 115

International Students 117

Procedures after Acceptance 116

Transfer Students 115

Adult Education 14

Advanced Placement 117

Aesthetic Perspective Courses 27

Afro- American Society 112

American Studies 29

Anthropology 29

Area of Concentration/Major 20

ArmyROTC 12

Art 31

Athletics 114

Auditing Classes 24

Autumn Term 5, 109

Behavioral Science, Collegium of 8

Biology 35

Board of Trustees 136

Calendar, Academic 5

Calendar of Events, 1992-93 140

Calendar of Events, 1993-94 141

Campus Life 110

Career-Services Program 14

CLAST 125

Chemistry 38

Co-Curricular Program 9

Co-Curricular Record 9

College Entrance Examinations 115

College Level Examination Program (CLEP) ... 117

Collegium Concept 6

Commitments of Eckerd College 2

Christian Values 2

Faculty to Students 2

General Education 2

Human Relationships 3

Individual Development 2

Integration of Liberal Arts and

Career Preparation 3

Pace-Setting Institution 4

Comparative Cultures, Collegium of 8

Comparative Educational Studies 40

Comparative Literature 40

Composition 40

Comprehensive Examinations 17

Computation Competency Requirement 17

Computer Science 41

Costs 127

Counseling Services 113

Course and Major Descriptions 27

Course Requirements 21

Course Numbers and Letters Explanation 27

Creative Arts, Collegium of 8

Creative Writing 43

138

Credit, Academic 21

Cross-Cultural Perspective Courses 44

Cultural Activities and Entertainment 112

Dance 103

Day Students 114

Dean's List 24

Deferred Admissions 117

Degree Requirements, B.A 16

Degree Requirements, B.S 17

Demonstrated Proficiency 21

Directed Study 21

Directed Study Courses 45

Dismissal, Academic 23

Early Admissions 116

Early Childhood Certification 11

Earth Sciences 46

East Asian Area Studies 46

Economics 47

Education 49

Elementary Education 49

Employment on Campus 126

Engineering Dual Degree Program 12

Entertainment and Cultural Activities 112

Environmental Perspective Courses 51

Environmental Studies 52

Examination, Comprehensive 17

Expenses 127

Experienced Learners, Program for 14

Extracurricular Activities Suspension 23

Faculty and Administration 131

Fees 127

Financial Aid 118

Academic Standards of

Satisfactory Progress 119

Employment 126

Grants 124.

Loans 125

Renewals 126

Scholarships 120

Veterans' Benefits 124

Withdrawal Refund 129

Foreign Language Competency Requirement ... 17

Foundations Collegium 7

French 79

Gender and Women 's Studies 6

General Education 6

Geography 53

German 80

Grade Reports 22

Grading System 22

Graduation Requirements 16

Grants 124

Greek 95

Health Form 114

Health Services 113

History 53

Honors at Graduation 24

Honors Program 18

Honor Societies 19

Humanities 60

Human Development 57

Human Resource Institute 11

INDEX (Courses and Programs are listed in italics.)

Incomplete Grades 22

Independent Study 21

International Business 61

International Education 12

International Education Courses 62

International Students 13

International Student Admission 117

International Studies 63

Insurance 128

Interview, Admission 116

Italian 81

Italy Offerings 62

Japanese 81

Judaeo - Christian Perspective Course 64

Knight Reading Seminars 64

Latin 39

Leisure Services 57

Letters, Collegium of 8

Library 10

Linguistics 65

Literature 65

Loans 125

London Offerings 62

Major/ Area of Concentration Requirements .... 20

Major and Course Descriptions 27

Management 70

Marine Science 74

Mathematics 76

Medical Technology 78

Mentors 5

Minor, Academic 27

Minority Students 114

Modern Languages 79

Music 82

Natural Sciences, Collegium of 8

Off-Campus Programs 13

Organizations and Clubs 112

Payment Methods 129

Personnel and Human Resource Management ... 84

Perspective Courses 17

Petitions, Academic Exemption 16

Philosophy 85

Philosophy/Religion 87

Physical Education 87

Physics 88

Policies, Academic 16

Political Science 89

Pre-Professional Programs 10

Probation, Academic 23

Program for Experienced Learners 14

Psychology 92

Readmission of Students 118

Refunds 129

Registration 24

Religious Life 112

Religion/Philosophy 87

Religious Studies/Religious Education 94

Requirements for Degree

Autumn Term 16

Comprehensive Examination/Thesis 17

Requirements for Degree (cont.)

Computation Competency 17

Foreign Language Competency 17

Major/ Area of Concentration 17

Perspective Courses 17

Residency 16

Senior Seminars 17

Transfer Students 17

Western Heritage 17

Winter Term 16

Writing Competency 16

Residency Requirement 16

Resident Adviser Internship 97

Room and Board 127

ROTC, Army 12

Russian Studies 97

St. Petersburg, the City Ill

Satisfactory Academic Progress 23

Satisfactory Academic Progress for

Financial Aid 119

Scholarships 120

Sea Semester 98

Secondary Education 49

Semester Abroad 13

Senior Comprehensives, Theses, Projects 16

Senior Seminars 98

Social Relations Perspective Courses 99

Sociology 100

Spanish 81

Special Academic Programs 10

Statistics 102

Student Activities 112

Student Government Ill

Student Life 110

Student Publications 112

Student Record Policy 25

Summer Term 14

Teacher Education 11

Theatre 102

Theses, Senior 17

Transfer Admission 115

Transfer of Credit 116

Transfer Student Requirements 17, 115

Tuition and Fees 127

Veterans' Benefits 124

Veterans' Benefits, Winter Term 6

Visual Arts 31

Waterfront Program 113

Western Heritage 17, 105

Winter Term 109

Winter Term Abroad 12

Withdrawal and Financial Aid 129

Withdrawal from College 24

Withdrawal Grades 22

Women 's and Gender Studies 6

Writing Center 12

Writing Competency Requirement 16

Writing Workshop 43

Year Abroad 13

139

CALENDAR OF EVENTS 1992-93

AUTUMN TERM

Fri., Aug. 14
Sat, Aug. 15
Wed., Aug. 26

Thurs., Sept. 3
Fri., Sept. 4
Sat., Sept. 5

FALL SEMESTER

Sat., Sept. 5
Mon., Sept. 7
Tues., Sept 8
Wed., Sept. 9
Wed., Sept. 9
Thurs., Sept. 17
Fri., Oct. 16

Fri., Oct. 30

Wed., Nov. 11

Thurs.-Fri., Nov. 26-27
Fri., Dec. 11
Mon.-Fri., Dec. 14-18
Sat., Dec. 19

WINTER TERM

Sun., Jan. 3
Mon., Jan. 4

Tues., Jan. 5
Wed., Jan. 6

Thurs.-Fri., Jan. 28-29
Fri., Jan. 29

SPRING SEMESTER

Sun., Jan 31
Mon., Feb. 1

Tues., Feb. 2
Thurs., Feb. 1 1
Sat, Mar. 20
Mon., Mar. 29
Tues., Mar. 30
Fri., Apr. 2

Thurs., Apr. 8
Fri., Apr. 9
Wed., Apr. 14

Thurs.-Fri., Apr. 22-23
Fri., May 14
Mon.-Fri., May 17-21
Sat, May 22
Sun., May 23
Mon., May 24

SUMMER TERM

May 31- July 23
May 31-June25
June 28-July 23

Freshmen arrive. Financial clearance and registration before 3:00 p.m.

Autumn term begins

Completed Freshman preference sheets for fall semester courses are returned

to Registrar
Residence houses open at 9:00 a.m. for new students for fall semester
Orientation for new students
End of autumn term

Residence houses open to returning upperclass students at 9:00 a.m.

New students: Mentor assignment, registration

Registration and financial clearance for fall semester

Fall semester begins at 8:00 a.m.

Opening Convocation, 1:30 p.m.

End of drop/add period for fall semester courses

All students fill out preference sheets for winter term and return them to

the Registrar
Last day to withdraw from fall semester courses with W grade, or change

from audit to credit
All students fill out preference sheets for spring semester courses and return

them to the Registrar
Thanksgiving holiday; no classes
Last day of classes
Examination period
Christmas recess begins. Residence houses close at noon

Residence houses open at noon

Financial clearance for all new students. New student registation/orientation

for winter term. Returning students are not registered until they check

in with Registrar
Winter term begins. All projects meet first day of winter term
Last day to enter winter term; end of drop/add period; last day to change

project or withdraw from winter term with W grade
First comprehensive examination period
Winter term ends

Residence houses open at noon

New and returning students arrive. New student orientation. Financial clearance

and registration for spring semester, all students
Spring semester begins at 8:00 a.m.
End of drop/add period for spring semester courses
Spring recess begins. Residence houses close at 5:00 p.m.
Residence houses reopen at 9:00 a.m.
Classes resume at 8:00 a.m.
Last day to withdraw from spring semester courses with W grade, or change

from audit to credit
Mentor conferences and contracts for 1993-94
Good Friday, no classes
All students fill out preference sheets for fall semester courses, 1993 and

return them to the Registrar
Second comprehensive examination period
Last day of classes
Examination period
Baccalaureate
Commencement
Residence houses close at 4:00 p.m.

Summer Term
Session A
Session B

140

CALENDAR OF EVENTS 1993-94

AUTUMN TERM

Fri., Aug. 13
Sat, Aug. 14
Wed., Aug. 25

Thurs., Sept. 2
Fri., Sept. 3
Sat., Sept. 4

FALL SEMESTER

Sat, Sept. 4
Mon., Sept. 6
Tues., Sept. 7
Wed., Sept. 8
Wed., Sept. 8
Thurs., Sept. 16
Fri., Oct 15

Fri., Oct. 29

Wed., Nov. 10

Thurs.-Fri., Nov. 25-26
Fri., Dec. 10
Mon.-Fri., Dec. 13-17
Sat, Dec. 18

WINTER TERM

Sun., Jan. 2
Mon., Jan. 3

Tues., Jan. 4
Wed., Jan. 5

Thurs.-Fri., Jan. 27-28
Fri., Jan. 28

SPRING SEMESTER

Sun., Jan. 30
Mon., Jan. 31

Tues., Feb. 1
Thurs., Feb. 10
Sat, Mar. 26
Mon., Apr. 4
Tues., Apr. 5
Wed., Apr. 6

Thurs., Apr. 7
Wed., Apr. 13

Thurs.-Fri., Apr. 21-22
Fri., May 13
Mon.-Fri., May 16-20
Sat, May 21
Sun., May 22
Mon., May 23

SUMMER TERM

May 30-July 22
May 30-June 24
June 2.7 -July 22

Freshmen arrive. Financial clearance and registration before 3:00 p.m.

Autumn term begins

Completed Freshman preference sheets for fall semester courses are returned

to Registrar
Residence houses open at 9:00 a.m. for new students for fall semester
Orientation for new students
End of autumn term

Residence houses open to returning upperclass students at 9:00 a.m.

New Students: Mentor assignment, registration

Registration and financial clearance for fall semester

Fall semester begins at 8:00 a.m.

Opening Convocation, 1:30 p.m.

End of drop/add period for fall semester courses

All students fill out preference sheets for winter term and return them to

the Registrar

Last day to withdraw from fall semester courses with W grade, or change

from audit to credit
All students fill out preference sheets for spring semester courses and return

them to the Registrar
Thanksgiving holiday; no classes
Last day of classes
Examination period
Christmas recess begins. Residence houses close at noon

Residence houses open at noon

Financial clearance for all new students. New student registation/orientation

for winter term. Returning students are not registered until they check

in with Registrar
Winter term begins. All projects meet first day of winter term
Last day to enter winter term; end of drop/add period; last day to change

project or withdraw from winter term with W grade
First comprehensive examination period
Winter term ends

Residence houses open at noon

New and returning students arrive. New student orientation. Financial clearance

from audit to credit
Mentor conferences and contracts for 1994-95
All students fill out preference sheets for fall semester courses, 1994 and

return them to the Registrar
Second comprehensive examination period
Last day of classes
Examination period
Baccalaureate
Commencement
Residence houses close at 4:00 p.m.

Summer Term
Session A
Session B

141

DISTINGUISHED SPEAKER SERIES

Coretta Scott King

Benazir Bhutto

Jimmy Carter

Ed Bradley

142

Lesley Stahl

Terry Anderson

143

ECKERD
COLLEGE

Only from a campus visit can you judge if the school
and your expectations "fit."

Plan to take a campus tour, sit in on a class,
visit with our professors and students, and take
time to see the area.

Also, try to visit when classes are in session.
Check the academic calendar before planning
your visit. We ask only one thing of you: give
us some advance notice of your arrival — a few
days is fine. Call us or drop us a line — the
Admissions staff will be happy to work
with you.

The Admissions office is open from 8:30 a.m.
to 5:00 p.m. on weekdays; from 9:00 a.m.
to noon on Saturday; summer hours are
weekdays 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

For best results, please direct all
correspondence prior to your acceptance
to the Dean of Admissions.

144

^^■■■■■■■■■I

CORRESPONDENCE DIRECTORY

For prompt handling, please address inquiries as indicated below:

Academic Affairs Dean of Faculty

Adult Programs Dean of Special Programs

Admissions Dean of Admissions

Alumni Relations Director of Alumni Relations

Business Affairs Vice President for Finance

Church Relations Director of Church Relations

Events at the College Director of Public Relations

Financial Aid to Students Director of Financial Aid

Financial Assistance to the College Vice President for Development

Payment of Fees Student Accounts

Student Housing Student Interests and Counseling Dean of Students

Summer School Coordinator, Summer School

Transcripts, Grades, and Academic Achievement Registrar

Visitors are welcome to Eckerd College. The administration offices are open Monday
through Friday from 8:30 to 5:00. Visitors desiring interviews with members of the
staff are urged to make appointments in advance.

ECKERD COLLEGE

4200 - 54th Avenue South, P.O. Box 12560, St. Petersburg, Florida 33733
Telephone (813) 867-1166 or (800) 456-9009 (Admissions)

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